90 PROCEEDINGS OF THE CALIFORNIA 



The chrysalis is white with black and yellow dots. The butterfly is developed 

 towards the end of April and is found until the end of June. There exists only 

 one generation. The caterpillars grow very slowly through the summer. They 

 are social and weave a kind of nest, in which they also hybernate. In spring 

 their growth is quick enough, but they seem to be subject to much disease, and 

 even in their natural state are frequently found half dried up. The butterfly 

 also is often caught with crippled wings. 



2. 31. Cooperi, Behr, n. sp. 



Alae supra ut 31. Chalcedontis, subtus inferiores sulphureae fasciis et maculis 

 ordinariis fuscis, maculis fasciae submarginalis fuscis concoloribus, nequc ullo 

 halone cicumdatae. 



This species is very similar to M. Chakedon, but the want of the yellowish 

 halo around the lunulae of the brown baud on the underside, is a very positive 

 diagnostic character. The brown color of the bands also is always of the same 

 somber hue as that of the underside of the forewings, and never of the fiery 

 brick red that colors this fascia on the underside of 31. Chakedon, forming a 

 perceptible contrast to the somber coloring of the underside of the forewings, 

 which is the same in 31. Chakedon and 31. Cooperi. With all these well- 

 marked differences, the two species look so much alike, that it would have been 

 a long time before 31. Cooperi would have been recognized as a distinct species, 

 if it had not been for the striking difference of its caterpillar, which was dis- 

 covered by Mr. Lorquin near Clear Lake on a species of Scrophularia. This 

 caterpillar is much more elongated thau that of Chakedon. It is nearly of the 

 shape and coloration of that of the European 31. Artemis, brimstone yellow, 

 with a dorsal and a lateral black stripe. We were quite justified in expecting 

 from such a caterpillar something strikingly different from the very common 

 type of Chakedon. But to our surprise our chrysalids gave us a series of 

 crippled butterflies, which could scarcely be distinguished from 31. Chakedon. 

 Since that time I have received a well-devJoped specimen through the kindness 

 of Baron Koels, who caught it with several other insects on an excursion to 

 Mount Tamal Pais. 



It is pretty certain that 31. Cooperi will be found in many other localities, 

 as it is only its similarity to our most common vernal butterfly, the 31. Chake- 

 don, that makes it escape our attention. 



3. 31. Quino, Behr, n. sp. 



31. Chakedo'iiti similis sed antennae clava discolor, fusca nee concolor 

 antennae reliquae aurantiacae. 



Alae supra ut in 31. Chakedontc sed series macularum submarginalium in 

 anticis rubra et marginalium in posticis flava rubro tincta. Series quarta in 

 anticis bifida, fere tota rubra, tertia in posticis omnino rubra. 



Alae inferiores subtus ut in 31. Chalcedonte sed fascia flava prope radicem in 

 maculas sex dissecta maculaque flava discalis puncto ejusdem coloris extus 

 aucta. 



31elitcca Quino may at once be distinguished by the entirely different and 

 much gayer coloration of the upper side, which much more resembles that of 



