Measurements. — Length of body: ovigerous fe- 

 males, 10 to 12 mm. ; males somewhat smaller. 



Variations. — The rostrum in this species varies 

 considerably in number of teeth, shape from lateral 

 view, and relative len fe th. Dorsal and ventral teeth 

 have been observed in the combinations 3/3, 3/4, 

 3/5, 4/2, 4/4, and the range of variation may be 

 greater than this because only a few specimens 

 from the Beaufort, N.C., area have been studied. 

 Males are more slender than females. 



Color. — Bright green, pale or translucent tinged 

 with green; sometimes specked with reddish 

 brown and with a broad median band of dark 

 brown extending whole length of body (Smith, 

 1873c). 



Habitat. — Beds of vegetation such as eelgrass. 



Type locality. — Vineyard Sound, Mass. 



Known range. — Southern Massachusetts, 

 through Gulf of Mexico and West Indies to 

 Curacao (Holthuis, 1947). 



Remarks. — Differences between this species and 

 H. pleuracantha are discussed in the account for 

 H. pleuracantha. Ovigerous females have been 

 found in North Carolina in September. 



Genus Tozeuma Stimpson, 1860 



Stimpson, 1860, p. 26. — Holthuis, 1955, p. 112 (rev.). 



Tozeuma carolinense Kingley. Arrow shrimp 

 Figure 67 



Tozeuma carolinensis Kingsley, 1878b, p. 90. — 1880, p. 413. — 

 Schmltt, 1935a, p. 155. 



Tozeuma carolinense: Rathbun, 1901, p. 114. — Hay and Shore, 

 1918, p. 391, pi. 27, fig. 2. 



Angasia carolinensis: Holthuis, 1947, pp. 17, 61. 



Recognition characters. — Body elongate, com- 

 pressed. Rostrum slender, almost twice as long as 

 remainder of carapace, inclined slightly upward 

 distally, rounded and unarmed dorsally, base some- 

 what flattened and horizontal, deepest anterior to 

 orbit and decreasingly lamellate distally ; ventral 

 border with many appressed teeth. Carapace 

 smooth, polished; a strong spine at either side 

 of base of rostrum; anterior margin produced 

 into a triangular tooth below eye; anterolateral 

 angle with a spine. Eyes well developed. Anten- 

 nular peduncle rather slender; first article longest, 

 with slender stylocerite slightly exceeding distal 

 border; second and third articles progressively 

 shorter; outer flagellum thick and much shorter 

 than inner, neither quite reaching tip of antennal 

 scale. Antennae longer than rostrum; antennal 



scale lanceolate, less than half length of rostrum ; 

 basal antennal article with a strong ventrolateral 

 spine on anterior border. 



Legs relatively short; first pair very short, 

 stout, hand inflated, fingers curved, closing com- 

 pletely, spines on fingers dark colored; second 

 pair slender, longer, carpus with three joints, 

 proximal joint nearly as long as merus; legs three 

 to five with comblike spines on curved dactyls. 



Abdomen smooth; strongly bent between third 

 and fourth segments; third segment of male 

 bearing a low dorsal hump ; fifth segment with a 

 spine at each side of posterior border; sixth with 

 a spine at posterolateral angle and a broad spine 

 at base of telson. Elements of tail fan long and 

 narrow. Telson with one pair of dorsal spines 

 at midlength, another at three-fourths length; 

 tip with a strong pair of median spines flanked 

 by a weak lateral pair. Uropodal exopods with 

 outer border terminating in a small spine flanked 

 medially by a movable spine. 



Measurements. — Length of body : ovigerous fe- 

 males, 28 to 50 mm. 



Variations. — The humped third abdominal seg- 

 ment is pronounced in young individuals of both 



sexes. 



Color. — Apparently varying to some degree 

 depending on background; shades of green from 

 light yellowish green to rich deep green, or oc- 

 casionally brownish or red in beds of Diplanthera 

 wrightii and Zostera marina (Bryce, 1961) ; 

 purple on alcyonarian corals Antillogorgia and 

 Pterogorgia (Voss, 1956) ; nearly colorless (Ver- 

 rill, 1922). 



Figure 67. — Tozeuma carolinense Kingsley. Female in 

 lateral view, 10 mm. indicated. 



MARINE DECAPOD CRUSTACEANS OF THE CAROLINAS 



83 



