Habitat. — Common in beds of vegetation or 

 similar habitats in shallow water, this species 

 often swims in a vertical position and rests in a 

 clinging position on blades of grass. It blends 

 well with the background because of shape and 

 color and is aptly named "arrow shrimp". Sur- 

 face to 41 fathoms (Holthuis, 1947). 



Type locality. — Fort Macon, N.C. 



Known range. — Vineyard Sound, Mass., to 

 Colon, Panama ; through West Indies to Curasao. 



Remarks. — Bryce (1961) gave general ecologi- 

 cal observations on T. carol ineme along with a 

 detailed study of larval development. The adults 

 apparently feed by grazing on faunal and floral 

 growths on marine grasses. 



In Xorth Carolina, ovigerous females are pres- 

 ent from May to October, with one doubtful record 

 in February. Elsewhere they have been taken in 

 February from Bimini, March to November in 

 Florida and Louisiana, and in December from 

 Puerto Rico. 



Bryce found that larvae hatched from ovigerous 

 females and reared in culture dishes usually 

 passed through eight or nine larval stages before 

 metamorphosing into postlarvae. However, the 

 larvae did not always transform at these stages, 

 and, in one group reared in early fall, continued 

 molting for an indefinite number of stages. One 

 individual passed through 25 larval stages before 

 the experiment was terminated. Variations in 

 larval stages and examples of asymmetry were 

 discussed, as were the effects of diet and tempera- 

 ture. 



Genus Hippolysmata Stimpson, I860 



Stimpson, lsfiO, p. 26. — Holthuis. 1955, p. 115. — Hemming, 

 1958b, p. 156. 



KEY TO SPECIES IN THE CAROLINAS 



a. Rostrum not exceeding antennular peduncles 



H'ltnh manni I p. 84 i . 

 aa. Rostrum greatly exceeding antennular peduncles 



oploph oroides i p. 85 i . 



Hippolysmata (Hippolysmata) wurdemanni (Gibbes) 

 Figure 68 



Hippolytc wurdemanni Gibbes, 1850, p, 197, 

 Hippolysmata wurdemanni: Hay ami Shore, 1918, p. 392, pi. 

 26, flg. 12. 



Recognition characters. — Rostrum reaching <Jis 

 tal end of second article of antennular peduncle, 



Figure 68. — Hippolysmata (Hippolysmata) wurdemanni 

 (Gibbes). A, anterior portion of body in lateral view: 

 B, antennule; C. antenna! scale; D, second leg; E, uro- 

 pods and telson in dorsal view ; A-E. 5 mm. indicated. 



slightly decurved, armed dorsally with four or 

 five teeth and ventrally with three to five teeth 

 Carapace smooth; carinate dorsally on anterior 

 half with a spine near base of rostrum about 

 midway between rostral tip and posterior border; 

 anterior margin with a strong antennal spine; 

 anterolateral corner rounded. Eyes well de- 

 veloped. Basal article of antennular peduncle 

 large, stylocerite slender, flattened, pointed, 

 reaching a little beyond middle of article; second 

 and third articles progressively shorter; inner 

 flagellum slender; outer flagellum with about 20 

 lo. ".(I thickened basal joints. Antenna! scale long. 

 narrow; outer margin about straight, terminating 

 in a strong spine; lamella of scale truncate dis- 

 tallv. about equal lo spine. 



Epipods on lirst four pairs of Legs. First legs 

 stout, about equal, reaching to cud of antennal 



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