A B 



Figure 14. — Parapenaeus longirostris (Lucas). Petasma 

 of male, A, ventral view; B, sternal view (after Heldt, 

 1938). 



Figure 15. — Parapenaeus longirostris (Lucas). Thelyeuin 

 of female; A, external plate of somite 13; B, internal 

 structure showing sacs extending into somite 14 (after 

 Heldt, 1938). 



Petasma of male with each half terminating in a 

 dorsomedian spinelike projection with a fleshy 

 distomedian lobe at base; proximal to latter, a 

 broad lateral spine with a fleshy distolateral lobe 

 at base continuous with distomedian lobe but not 

 projected laterally as a spoutlike horn as in 

 Xiphopeneus ; finally, still further proximally a 

 spinelike distoventral projection partially covered 

 by a medial distoventral flap. 



Abdomen with fourth, fifth, and sixth segments 

 (•annate, carina ending on each segment in a small 

 tooth. Sixth segment a little more than twice 

 length of fifth. Telson tapering to a sharp point, 

 furrowed above, with a slender spine on each side 

 near tip. 



Measurements. — Western Atlantic population: ' 

 length of body, 104 mm. Mediterranean popula- 

 tion: length of body, 165 mm. 



Variations. — European examples of the species I 

 attain a greater size than do American forms. The 

 length of the rostrum varies with age, becoming I 

 relatively longer with variable development of ! 

 an unarmed tip in large individuals. The sixth 

 abdominal segment is relatively shorter in large 

 than in small individuals. 



Color. — Eyes green; body and appendages mot- 

 tled with red and pale translucent areas; uropods I 

 with exopod and distal half of endopod deep red 

 (Burkenroad, 1934b). 



Habitat. — Soft mud or muddy sand bottom 

 (Heldt, 1954) ; 15 to 180 fathoms or more in 

 western Atlantic (Burkenroad, 1934b, 1939) ; 20 

 to 250 fathoms in Mediterranean (Heldt, 1954, 

 1955). 



Type locality. — Algiers and Cap-Matifou, 

 Algeria. 



Knoxon range. — Marthas Vineyard, Mass., to 

 Gulf of Mexico off Florida, Louisiana, and Yuca- 

 tan; Gulf of Paria off Venezuela; coast of 

 Portugal to Morocco; Mediterranean Sea from 

 Spain to Asia Minor. 



Remarks. — Though this species occurs on both 

 sides of the Atlantic, it has been studied in detail 

 chiefly in the European portion of its range. The 

 European population is composed of larger in- 

 dividuals than the American population (Burken- 

 road, 1934b) and because of its size and abun- 

 dance is commercially exploited off the coast of 

 Tunisia (Heldt, 1954). The American population 

 is also quite abundant in the northern Gulf of 

 Mexico (Burkenroad, 1939). 



It is possible that this species lives beyond the 

 100-fathom depth off the Carolinas, but because 

 it is known to move into shallower water in parts 

 of its range it is included here. Heldt (1938) 

 stated that the depth distribution starts at about 

 30 fathoms, but usually extends from 55 to 200 

 and more fathoms. She described characteristic 

 features of what she termed the "fonds a Para- 

 penaeus" in the Mediterranean Sea (1954). 



The developmental stages of this species have 

 been treated in detail by Heldt (1938) from the 

 Mediterranean and in somewhat lesser detail by 

 Pearson (1939) from the northern Gulf of Mexico. 



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FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE 



