base of uropods; a small median spine above base 

 of telson; male with two strong ventral spines, 

 posterior spine curved and about twice length of 

 anterior spine. Telson slender, about half length 

 of uropods; truncate distally with a strong spine 

 at each corner; two pairs of intermediate spines 

 on distal border, and two pairs of lateral spines 

 about equidistant; males with a prominent ventral 

 projection on distal half. Outer ramus of uropod 

 longer and broader than inner. 



Petasma of male membranous, folded, foliace- 

 ous; ventral process needlelike, curved, tapering to 

 acute end directed ventrolaterally. 



Measurements. — Length of body: 10-12 mm. 



Color. — Almost perfectly transparent in life. 



Habitat. — Oceanic and estuarine waters from 

 surface to 50 fathoms. 



Type locality. — Off Chesapeake Bay. 



Known range. — Off Nova Scotia along coast of 

 United States to Louisiana; through "West Indies 

 and along coast of South America to off Rio de 

 Janeiro, Brazil; Bermuda and mid-Atlantic 

 (lat, 42°50'26" N. long. 41°48' W., lat. 41°39'34" 

 N. long. 39°21' W., and lat. 4°30' N. long. 28°20' 

 W.) ; Rea Sea; Malay Archipelago; Marshall 

 Islands; Hawaiian Islands; Fanning Island 

 (Holthuis, 1959). 



Remarks. — This interesting little shrimp is 

 abundant near Beaufort Inlet, N.C., throughout 

 most of the year (collected from February 

 through October), and often occurs in swarms 

 outside the harbor. 



Brooks (1882) worked out the larval develop- 

 ment of a species of Lucifer in the Beaufort, N.C., 

 area, and from his figures and present knowledge 

 of distribution, it is almost certain that he was 

 dealing with L. faxoni. Brooks found egg-bearing 

 females only in April, but found larvae as late 

 as September. Since then, egg-bearing females 

 have been found through the summer into October 

 in Bogue Sound near Morehead City, N.C. Brooks 

 illustrated the egg, a number of larval stages (two 

 nauplius, three protozoea, one zoea, one schizopod, 

 one mastigopus, and one lucifer), and a final adult 

 stage in males. 



As various authors have pointed out, Brooks 

 mistakenly thought that the species was primarily 

 estuarine, the adults leaving the marshes on ebb 

 tides to spawn in the ocean, because he found the 

 species most concentrated in the estuary near 



Beaufort on ebb tides. He failed to find specimens 

 on flood tide. The species can be found in estu- 

 aries on both flood and ebb tide, but its primary 

 home is the ocean. 



Burkenroad (1934b) reported a female with 

 large ova from the outer littoral of Louisiana. 

 He gave a detailed account of the reproductive 

 systems of males and females showing that they 

 are fully bilateral and not asymmetrical as stated 

 by Brooks (1882), Bate (1888), and Hansen 

 (1922). The males, however, carry but one sper- 

 matophore at a time, possibly because the body 

 is so strongly compressed. 



Section Caridea 



Pleura of second abdominal segment overlap- 

 ping those of first and third segments. Third legs 

 never with chelae. Gills phyllobranchiate (Hol- 

 thuis, 1955). 



Family Pasiphaeidae 



Rostrum small or obsolete. Mandibular palp 

 absent, one or two jointed. Legs with exopods; 

 first two pairs of legs chelate, chelae slender, cut- 

 ting edges pectinate ; third, fourth, and fifth legs 

 smaller than chelipeds, fourth generally smallest 

 (Rathbun, 1901; Holthuis, 1955). 



Genus Leptochela Stimpson, 1860 



Stimpson, 1860, p. 111.— Hemming, 195Sb. p. 157. 



Leptochela serratorbita Bate 



Figures 33-34 



Leptochela serratorhita Bate, 1888, p. 859, pi. 139, fig. 1. — 

 Rathbun, 1901, p. 127. — Sehmitt, 1935a, p. 134. 



Recognition characters. — Carapace smooth, an- 

 terior half with low carina. Rostrum nearly hori- 

 zontal, unarmed, about as long as eyestalks.. Upper 

 portion of orbits finely serrated or spinulose. 



Figure 33. — Leptochela serratorbita Bate, 

 eral view, 1 mm. indicated. 



Animal in lat- 



MARINE DECAPOD CRUSTACEANS OF THE CAROLINAS 



41 



