two-thirds length; tip broadly rounded, a pair 

 of spines at each posterolateral corner, distal mar- 

 gin heavily setose ; a pair of anal tubercles beneath 

 with accompanying cups on uropods forming 

 locking devices. Uropods oval; exopod with 

 lateral margin ending in a small spine flanked 

 medially by a strong movable tooth. 



Measurements. — Length of body : male, 26 mm. ; 

 ovigerous female, 16 mm. 



Color. — Gray or dull green, sometimes with a 

 median and lateral stripe of whitish often clouded 

 or mottled with dark green or brown, a paler spot 

 behind each eye; large chela dark green usually 

 banded with yellowish brown or yellow on inner 

 surface; smaller chela and other legs paler, often 

 banded with dull gray or reddish; occasionally 

 body banded with red and pale yellow, large chela 

 with two pale bands, immovable finger blackish, 

 dactyl reddish (various authors). 



Habitat. — Shelly or rocky bottoms, in burrows 

 in sand or on pilings in shallow water; common 

 in saltier portions of estuaries; water's edge to 

 40 fathoms. 



Type locality. — Key West, Fla. 



Known range. — North Carolina through West 

 Indies to Barbados, Curasao, and Aruba ; Alliga- 

 tor Harbor, Fla., to Sabine, Tex.; Bermuda; 

 Sonora, Mexico ( ? ) . 



Remarks. — This is one of the commonest snap- 

 ping shrimps in the Beaufort, N.C., region. As 

 Hay and Shore (1918) pointed out, this was 

 probably the species called Alpheus minor in 

 early lists for the area. The latter species is cor- 

 rectly referred to Synalpheus minus (Say) and 

 is found only in offshore waters, a different 

 habitat from that frequented by Alpheus nor- 

 manni. Brooks and Herrick (1892) followed the 

 older lists in calling this species Alpheus minor 

 (minus) and illustrated the adult in color on 

 plate 1 and larval stages on plates 16 and 17. 

 They illustrated the first three larval stages, as 

 well as stages in segmentation of the embryo, but 

 their specific identifications are somewhat unre- 

 liable. 



Ovigerous females have been taken through 

 much of the annual cycle in various localities: 

 January and March, Cuba; June, Louisiana; Au- 

 gust, Bermuda, Louisiana, Mississippi: April to 

 September in the Carolinas; November and De- 

 cember, Puerto Rico. 



Alpheus heterochaelis Say. Big-clawed snapping shrimp 

 Figure 54 



Alpheus heterochaelis Say, 1818, p. 243. — Verrill, 1922, p. 76, 

 pi. 22, figs. 1, 2, 4, a-c; pi. 24, figs. 7, 7a ; pi. 30, figs. 1-la, It 

 2a-2e ; pi. 33, figs. 1 ,2 (rev.). 



Crangon heterochaelis: Hay and Shore, 1918, p. 386, text-fig. 

 8, pi. 26, fig. 6.— Schmitt, 1935a, p. 144. 



Recognition characters. — Rostrum carinate, ex- 

 tending back about as far as base of eyestalks; tip 

 not reaching to base of second article of ant en - 

 nular peduncle. Carapace more than half length 

 of abdomen, somewhat compressed; without 

 grooves; front produced into a rounded ocular 

 hood over each eye; rostro-orbital depressions 

 passing gradually into dorsal surface; emargi- 

 nate below eye on anterior border. Eyes relatively 

 small, covered by carapace. Antennular peduncles 

 with scalelike stylocerite, minute spine at tip not 

 reaching end of basal article; second article twice 

 length of third; inner flagellum filiform, about 

 half length of antenna; outer flagellum with 

 proximal two-thirds thickened. Antennae a little 

 longer than body; antennal scale with strong 

 apical spine reaching slightly beyond antennular 



Figure 54. — Alpheus heterochaelis Say. A, anterior por- 

 tion of body in dorsal view, 5 nun. indicated; B, large 

 chela in dorsal view, 5 mm. indicated ; C, small chela 

 of male (after Verrill. 1922). 



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