Texas and Mexico. He found ovigerous females 

 rare, but occurring in July, and noted a common 

 occurrence of the sea anemone, Calliactis tricolor, 

 on the carapace, as found also by Carlgren and 

 Hedgpeth (1952). 



Gray (1957) found that H. epheliticus has a 

 large gill area in relation to its weight. He related 

 this large respiratory area to its active nature as 

 compared to other strictly aquatic crabs. 



Costlow and Bookhout (1962b) described five 

 zoeal and one megalops stage from individuals 

 hatched and reared at 25° C. in an array of salini- 

 ties ranging from 20 to 40 °/ 00 . Complete de- 

 velopment took place only at 30 and 35 °/ 00 

 though some growth occurred in the other salini- 

 ties. The authors pointed out that the adults are 

 usually found in waters with salinity in the 30-35 

 %o range. 



Genus Osachila Stimpson 1871 



Ratbbun, 1937, p. 248. — Hemming, 1958b, p. 17. 



KEY TO SPECIES IN THE CAROLINAS 



a. Posterolateral margin of carapace thin edged, almost 



sharp tuberosa (p. 159). 



aa. Posterolateral margin of carapace thick, blunt 



semilevis (p. 159). 



Osachila tuberosa Stimpson 



Figure 141 



Osachila tuberosa Stimpson, 1871a, p. 154. — Hay and Shore, 

 1918, p. 423, pi. 31, fig. 10.— Rathbun, 1937, p. 250, pi. 77, 

 flg. 3 (rev.). 



Figure 141. — Osachila tuberosa Stimpson. Male in dorsal 

 view, 3 mm. indicated. 



Recognition characters. — Carapace octagonal, 

 with six large protuberances, one mesogastric, 

 paired metagastric, one cardiac, paired mesobran- 

 chial; protuberances and lateral margins finely 

 eroded. Anterolateral margins finely dentate, 

 continued toward buccal cavity; posterolateral 

 margins thin edged, with four lobes, first lobe 

 projecting sideways slightly beyond adjacent 

 anterolateral tooth. Front usually with a narrow 

 sinus. Maxillipeds, sternum, abdomen, and bases 

 of legs eroded. 



Chelipeds short, thick, tuberculate on outer 

 face, and with rough margins; hand stout, upper 

 margin with three teeth, proximal one bifid; im- 

 movable finger thick. Walking legs more or less 

 prismatic with sharp margins and light longi- 

 tudinal grooves. 



Measurements. — Carapace of female: length, 18 

 mm. ; width, 20 mm. 



Color. — "Sand color with reddish cast, white 

 below, claws and legs white." (Henderson in 

 Kathbun,1937.) 



Habitat. — Forty to 65 fathoms. 



Type locality. — Five stations among the 

 Florida reefs, 36-68 fathoms. 



Known range. — Off Cape Hatteras, N.C., to 

 west Florida. 



Remarks. — This southern species has been re- 

 corded only once from North Carolina. 



Osachila semilevis Rathbun 



Figure 142 



Osachila semilevis Rathbun, 1916, p. 652, pi. 36, flg. 1. — Hay 

 and Shore, 1918, p. 422, pi. 31, flg. 9.— Rathbun, 1937, p. 251, 

 pi. 77, fig. 1 (rev.). 



Recognition characters. — Much like O. tu- 

 berosa. Carapace octagonal, with six large pro- 

 tuberances, one mesogastric, paired metagastric, 

 one cardiac, paired mesobranchial ; protuberances 

 eroded, depressions nearly smooth. Anterolateral 

 margins finely dentate, continued toward buccal 

 cavity; posterolateral margins thick, with four 

 lobes; first lobe not projecting laterally so far as 

 adjacent anterolateral lobe; last lobe quite promi- 

 nent. Front usually with a narrow buttonholelike 

 sinus. 



Chelipeds short, thick, tuberculate on outer face 

 and with rough margins; hand stout, upper mar- 

 gin with three simple teeth; immovable finger 

 thick, dactyl comparatively slender and straight. 

 Walking legs of moderate size, more or less 



MARINE DECAPOD CRUSTACEANS OF THE CAROLINAS 



159 



