Figure 181. — Panopeus occidentalis Saussure. Animal 

 in dorsal view, legs of left side not shown, 10 mm. 

 indicated. 



Habitat. — This species has been found among 

 rocks, mangrove roots, sponges, ascidians, and sea- 

 weed, and on pilings of piers along shore; shore 

 to 10 fathoms. 



Type locality. — Guadeloupe. 



Knoivn range. — North Carolina to State of 

 Santa Catarina, Brazil; West Indies and Ber- 

 muda. 



Remarks. — DeOliveira (1940) reported in some 

 detail on the natural history of this species where 

 it occurs in the vicinity of the Ilha Pinheiro, neai 

 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The species is primarily 

 crepuscular or nocturnal and is found living 

 chiefly in ditches, between and beneath stones, and 

 among mangrove roots, often burrowing to a 

 depth of 30 cm. Both sexes were found together 

 except when the eggs were deposited, and then 

 females were not so often seen. Molting individ- 

 uals and copulating pairs were rarely found. 



Mating pairs were found from November to 

 December, and on one occasion in water of 22 

 °/ 00 at 22° C. Periods of egg deposition ex- 

 tended from January to May, and again from 

 July to August (September, Rathbun, 1930a). (In 

 the Caribbean area ovigerous females are known 

 from January to July, U.S. National Museum 

 records.) The seldom-seen ovigerous females bore 

 dark, chocolate colored eggs. Such females showed 

 a range in carapace width from 13.3 mm. to 35.2 



mm., and bore 3,000 to 70,000 eggs, depending on 

 size. Females were observed to aerate and clean 

 the eggs in water at low tide in the evening. Eggs 

 in the laboratory hatched in about 15 days. Molt- 

 ing of females followed hatching of eggs. 



Young of the species were found throughout the 

 year, as others have noted. One large male meas- 

 ured 48.2 mm. [width], though the average dimen- 

 sion for the typical form was 27.7 mm. long by 

 40.5 mm. wide; for the serrate form, 19.9 mm. 

 long by 27.5 mm. wide. 



The species was believed to have few natural 

 enemies. Material from the gut was found to con- 

 sist of a variety of plant and animal matter. In 

 addition to the ecological discussion, de Oliveira 

 gave a number of observations on autotomy and 

 its effect on movement and behavior. 



Genus Eurytium Stimpson, 1859 



Rathbun, 1930a, p. 422.— Hemming, 1958b, p. 32. 



Eurytium limosum (Say) 



Figures 182, 183 O 



Cancer limosa Say, 1818, p. 446. 



Eurytium limosum: Hay and Shore, 1918, p. 438, pi. 35, fig. 

 7.— Rathbun, 1930a, p. 423, pi. 176, figs. 1-2 (rev.). 



Figure 182. — Eurytium limosum (Say). A, animal in 

 dorsal view : B, large chela in frontal view ; 10 mm. 

 indicated. 



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