CHORISIS OR DEDUFLICATION. 247 



of Silene ; and we incline to consider the accessory body in such 

 cases as liomologous with the stijiules of the leaf.* 



459. It may also be noticed, that, while in collateral chorisis the 

 increased parts are usually all of the same nature, like so many 

 similar leaflets of a compound leaf, in what is called transverse cho- 

 risis there is seldom such a division into homogeneous parts ; but the 

 original organ remains, as it Avere, intact, while it bears an append- 

 age of some ilifferent appearance or function on its imier face, or 

 at its base on that side. Thus the stamens of LaiTea, &c. bear 



* For fuller illustrations of these theoretical points, the student is referred to 

 the figures and text of The Genera of the United States Flora Illustrated, espe- 

 cially to Vol. 2. — An able writer in Hooker's Journal of Botany and Kew Garden 

 Miscellany, Vol. 1, p. 360, (witli whom we are in accord as to the nature of col- 

 lateral chorisis,) "being totally at a loss to find anything analogous in the 

 ordinary stem-leaves " to this transverse or vertical multiplication of parts, in- 

 clines to consider such appendages as those of the petals of Silene, Sapindus, 

 Ranunculus, &c. as deformed glands, and the stamens thus situated, whether 

 singly or in clusters, as developments of new parts in the axil of the petals, &c. 

 It appears to us, however, that the leaves do furnish the proper analogue of 

 such appendages as those of Fig. 378-381, and the similar petaloid scales of 

 Sapindaceie, Erythroxylea;, and the like, in the ligule of Grasses, and the stip- 

 ules. The former occupies exactly the same position. The latter form an 

 essential part of the leaf, and usually develop in a plane parallel with that of 

 the blade, but between it and the axis ; particularly when they are of consider- 

 able size, and serve as teguments of the bud, as, for example, in Magnolia (Fig. 

 156). The combined intrapetiolar stipules of Melianthus furnish a case in 

 point, to be compared with the two-lobcd internal scale of the stamens in Lar- 

 rea, the two-cleft adnate appendage of the petals in CaryophylleiE, Sapindus, 

 &c. ; and instances of cleft or appendaged stipules may readily be adduced to 

 show that such bodies arc as prone to multiplication by division as other foliar 

 parts. The supposition of a true axillary origin of the organs in question, 

 therefore, appears to be gratuitous, and it would certainly introduce needless 

 complexity into the theory of the flower. Nor does it throw any light upon 

 their morphology to call such appendages of petals " deformed glands " ; a term 

 which is much too vague to have any assignable morphological value. In 

 Linum tnie stipules are reduced to glands. At present, therefore, we tliink that 

 the same general name may properly enough be employed Ixith for the collateral 

 and the vertical multiplication of organs, where two or more bodies occupy the 

 place of one, carefully distinguishing, however, the two different cases. Some 

 special term is needful for discriminating between such multiplication and that 

 by tlie i-egular augmentation of floral organs through the development of addi- 

 tional circles, and none the less so, because we recognize, in one or both kinds 

 o{ chorisis, modes of division which are common to the floral organs and to the 

 foliage. 



