POSITION IN RESPECT TO THE BRACT AND AXIS. 



237 



in passing from one cycle to tlie next ; — wliich is rather describing 

 tlie anomaly in other words than explaining it. 



443. Whether we regard the floral circles as decussating verticils, 

 or as cycles of alternate leaves in some way altered as to their suc- 

 cession, we cannot fail to discern an end attained by such arrange- 

 ment, namely, a disposition of parts which secures the gi'eatest econ- 

 omy of space on an abbreviated axis, and the greatest freedom from 

 mutual pressure. 



444. Position of the Flower as respects the Axis and suhtending Bract. 



All axillary flowers are situated between a leaf and the stem, or, 

 Avhich is tlie same thing, between a bract and the axis of inflores- 

 cence. These two fixed points enable us to indicate the relative 

 position of the parts of the floral circles Avith precision. That pait 

 of the flower which lies next the leaf or bract from whose axil it 

 ai'ises is said to be anterior, or inferior (lower) : that which is dia- 

 metrically opposite or next the axis is posterior, or superior (ujoper).* 



356 



It is important to notice the relative position of parts in this re- 

 spect. This is shown in a proper diagram by drawing a section 

 of the bract in its true position under the section of the flower- 

 bud, as in Fig. 358 : the position of the axis is necessarily dia- 

 metrically opposite, and its section is sometimes indicated by a dot 

 or small circle. In an axillary flower with the parts in fours, one of 



* As if these were not terms enough, sometimes the organ, or side of the 

 flower, which looks towards the bract, is likewise called exterior, and the organ 

 or side next the axis, interior ; but these terms should be kept to designate the 

 relative position of the members of the floral circles in {estivation (494). 



FIG. 356. Diagram of a Cruciferous flower (Erysimum) ; a, the axis of inflorescence. (The 

 bract is abortive in this, as in most plants of this family.) 



FIG. 357. Diagram of a flower of a Rhus, with the axis, a, and the bract, b, to show the- 

 relative position of parts. 



FIG. 358. Diagram of a flower of the Pulse tribe : a, the axis, and 6, the bract. 



