248 



TUE FLOWER. 



334 



385 



a scale-like appendage ; the petals of Sapindus, Cardiospermum, 

 &o., a petaloid scale quite unlike the original petal ; the petals of 

 Parnassia, a cluster of bodies resembling sterile filaments united 

 below. 



460. The Antcposilioil or superposition of parts which normally 

 alternate in the flower has in some cases been regarded as a case of 

 transverse chorisis ; but it is susceptible of a simpler explanation. 

 The principal case that occurs is that of the stamens, or the outer- 

 most circle of stamens, being placed directly before the petals 



(in ordinaiy botanical lan- 

 guage opposite the petals). 

 The Vine (Fig. 384-386) 

 and the Buckthorn families 

 ai'e good examples of this 

 anomaly, as also is Clay- 

 tonia in the Purslane fam- 

 ily. And in Linden and 

 many of its allies a cluster of stamens (Fig. 382, 383) stands be- 

 fore each petal, the American Lindens 

 having also a petal-like scale in the 

 centre of every cluster. The clusters 

 must be viewed as multiplications of 

 single stamens by collateral chorisis. 

 The position of the stamens before 

 the petals in these cases, as Avell as 

 that of the numerous petals in certain 

 double Camelhas, arranged throuoh- 

 out in five vertical ranks, is most 

 readily explained by supposing a re- 

 turn to the regular f or five-ranked 

 phyllotaxis of leaves (240). sas 



461. In the genuine Geranium (Fig. 421) the position of the outer 

 of the two sets of stamens before the petals evidently results 

 from the abortion of an exterior circle (486) ; and perhaps this is 

 the case in the Primrose family also. In tlie Barberry family there 

 is an apparent anteposition of the sepals, petals, and stamens through- 



FIG. 382. Diagram of the flower of the American Linden, in a cross-section of the bud. 

 SS3. A cluster of stamens with the petal-lilie body in the middle. 



FIG. 384. Flower of the Grape, casting its petals before e.xpansion. 385. The same, with- 

 out the petals : both show the glands distiuctly, within the stamens. 386. Diagram of the 

 flower. 



