ENDOGENOUS OK MONOCOTYLEDONOUS PLANTS. 483 



Stamens gynandrous, 1 or 2 fertile. Flower irregular. Orchidace;e. 



Stamens not gynandrous. Flower irregular. 

 Fertile stamen 1, inferior. Zingiberace*. 



Fertile stamen 1, superior. Cannace^. 



Fertile stamens mostly 5, the sixth abortive. MusACEiE. 



Stamens not gynandrous, regularly 3 or 6. 

 Anthers extrorse. Stamens 3, before the sepals. Iridace^. 



Anthers introrse, when 3 before the inner perianth. 



Anther-cells separated by a broad connective. Burmanniace^. 



Anther-cells approximate or joined. 



Leaves not scurfy. Stems from bulbs. Amaryllidace^. 



Leaves scurfy or woolly. No bulbs. 



Terrestrial. Stamens 3 or 6. Hjemodorace^. 



Mostly epiphytes. Stamens 6. Bromeliace^. 



Group 6. Flowers dicecious, with a 6-merous perianth adherent to the ovary. 

 Seeds with a minute embryo in hard albumen. Leaves ribbed and netted- 

 veincd, articulated with the stem. Dioscoreace^. 



Group 7. Flowers dicecious or perfect ; the regular perianth free from tlie ovary. 

 Styles or sessile stigmas distinct. Embryo minute in hard albumen. 

 Leaves more or less netted-veined. Smilace.(E. 



Group 8. Flowers perfect, not from a spathc, with the regular 6-merous peri- 

 anth free from the ovary. Seeds anatropous, with albumen. 

 Perianth not cluniaceous. Leaves parallel-veined. 



Antliers introrse. Styles united into one. Liliaceje. 



Anthers extrorse. Styles mostly separate. Melanthaceje. 



Perianth glimiaceous. Styles united into one. Juncace^. 



Group 9. Flowers perfect, developed from a spathe, commonly somewhat ir- 

 regular, the 6-nierous perianth free from the ovary. Seeds anatropous, with 

 albumen. Aquatics. Pontedekiace.*:. 



Group 10. Flowers with a double or imbi-icatcd perianth, free from the ovary ; 

 the exterior divisions (sepals) herbaceous or glumaccous ; the inner (pet- 

 als) petaloid, free from the one- to three-celled ovary. Seeds 2, 3, or many, 

 orthotropous ; the embryo at the extremity of the albumen farthest from the 

 liilum. 



Flowers perfect. Sepals herbaceous. Petals colored. Commelynace.«!. 



Flowers perfect, capitate. Sepals and bracts glumaceous. Xyridace^e. 



Flowers monacious or dicecious, capitate. EriocaulonacejE. 



Group 11. Flowers imbricated with glumaceous bracts (glumes), and disposed 

 in spikelets ; the proper perianth none or rudimentary. Ovary one-celled, 

 one-ovulcd. Seeds anatropous. Embryo at the extremity of the albumen 

 next the hilum. 



Sheaths of the leaves closed. Glume or bract single. Cyperace^. 



Sheaths open. Glumes mostly in pairs. Gramineje. 



