376 ILLUSTRATIONS OF THE NATURAL ORDERS. 



* * Stamens few or definite, mostly before the petals. Pistils one or few. 

 Climbing plants. Dioecious or moncccious. MenispermacevE. 



Not climbing. Flowers perfect. Anthers opening by valves. BerberidacejE. 



Group 2. Ovaries several and distinct, or perfectly united into a compound 

 pistil of several cells. Embryo enclosed in a sac at the end of the albu- 

 men, or, in Nelumbium, without albumen. Aquatic herbs. 



Carpels distinct, immersed in a dilated top-shaped torus. NELUMBiACEiE. 



Carpels united into a several-celled and many-ovuled ovary. Nymph^ace^e. 



Carpels distinct and free. Stamens 6-18. Cabo.mbace^. 



Group 3. Ovary compound, 5-celled, with the placentae in the axis. Sta- 

 mens hypogynous, indefinite. Seeds numerous, anatropous, albuminous, 

 with a small embryo. Marsh herbs, with singular pitcher-shaped or 

 tubular leaves. SarraceniacejE. 



Group 4. Ovary compound, with parietal placentffi. Petals and sepals 2 or 4, 

 deciduous. Stamens hypogynous. Flower unsymmetrical. Embryo small, 

 in copious albumen, or coiled when there is no albumen. 



Seeds albuminous : embryo small or minute. 



Polyandrous : flower regular. Juice milky or colored. Papaverace^e. 



Diadelphous or hexandrous : flower irregular. Fumariace.*;. 

 Seeds without albumen : styks and stigmas united into one. 



Pod two-celled. Radicle folded on the cotyledons. Crucifer^. 



Pod one-celled. Embryo rolled up. Capparidace^e. 



Seeds without albumen : styles or stigmas several. Resedace.*;. 



Group 5. Ovary compound, with parietal placentae. Floral envelopes mostly 

 5-merous ; calyx persistent. Stamens hypogynous. Seeds albuminous. 



Anthers (5) adnate, introrse, connate. Corolla irregular. ViolaceyE. 

 Anthers extrorse, or innate, distinct. Corolla regular. 



Vernation circinate. Petals marccscent. Droserace^. 



Vernation straight. Petals usually caducous. Cistace.*;. 



Group 6. Ovary compound, with the placentae parietal, or 2 - 5-celled from 

 their meeting in the axis. Stamens hypogynous. Seeds with a straight 

 embryo and little or no albumen. 



Sterile filaments or a lobed appendage before each petal. PARXASSiACEiE. 

 Sterile filaments none : leaves opposite. 



Stipules none ; leaves dotted. Stamens unsymmetrical. Hypericace^e. 



Stipules present : leaves dotless. Stamens symmetrical. Elatinace^e. 



Group 7. Ovary compound, one-celled with a free central placenta, or 2- 

 several-celled with the placenta in the axis. Calyx free or nearly so. 

 Stamens hypogynous or perigynous. Embiyo peripheric, coiled more or 

 less around the outside of mealy albumen. 



Petals and stamens numerous. Ovary many-celled. Mesembry'anthemace^. 

 Petals 3 - .5 or 6, sometimes wanting. 



Floral envelopes symmetrical. Stamens 10 or fewer. Caryophyllace^. 



Floral envelopes unsymmetrical, or stamens many. Portolacace^. 



