contents. vu 



Skct. II. Plants of the Higher Grade 5 their Develop- 

 ment FROM THE Seed ..... 69 



Flowerins or Phsenosamous Plants . . • . .69 

 Organs of Vegetation and of Rei^roduction . . . 70 



The Seed 70 



The Development of the Embryo in Germination . . 71 



Number of Cotyledons 78 



CHAPTER III. — OF THE ROOT, OR DESCENDING AXIS 79 



Absorption by Roots ; their Growth ..... 80 



Primary and Secondary Roots . . . . . .83 



Annuals, Biennials ........ 83 



Perennials .;....... 84 



Aerial Roots ......... 85 



Epiphytes, or Air-Plants 87 



Parasites 88 



CHAPTER IV. — OF THE STEM, OR ASCENDING AXIS 91 



Sect. I. Its General Characteristics and Mode of 



Growth 91 



Nodes and Internodes 92 



Buds 93 



Plan of Vegetation 95 



Phytons 96 



Sect. II. Ramification 97 



Branches 97 



Adventitious and Accessory Buds ..... 98 



Excurrent and Deliquescent Stems ..... 99 



Definite and Indefinite Growth . . . . . .100 



Propagation from Buds . . . .. '. . 100 



Sect. III. The Kinds of Stem and Branches . . . 101 



Herbs, Shrubs, Trees, &c. . . . . . . 101 



Stolons, Suckers, Runners . . . . . . .102 



Offsets, Tendrils 103 



Spines or Thorns 104 



Subterranean Modifications . . . . . . 105 



