EXOGENOUS OK DICOTYLEDONOUS, PLANTS. 



402 



783. Ord. GeraniaceCE {CrayiesUll Family). Herbs or shrubby 

 plants, commonly strong-scented ; with palmately veined and usually 

 lobed leaves, mostly with stipules ; the lower opposite. Flowers 

 regular. — Calyx of five persistent sepals, imbricated in aestivation. 

 Petals five, with claws, mostly convolute in aestivation. Stamens 10, 

 the five exterior hypogynous, occasionally sterile ; the filaments all 

 broad and often united at the base ; five glands within and alternate 

 witli the petals. Ovary of five two-ovuled carpels, attached to the 

 base of an elongated axis {gynohase, Fig. 430, 431) to Avhich the 

 styles cohere : in fruit the distinct one-seeded carpels separate from 

 the axis, by the twisting or curhng back of the persistent indurated 



styles from the base upwards. Seeds with no albumen : cotyledons 

 convolute and plaited together, bent on the short radicle. For the 

 plan of the blossom see p. 2G4, and Fig. 421. Our cultivated 

 Geraniums, so called, from the Cape of Good Hoj^e, are species of 

 Pelargonium. The roots are simply and strongly astringent. The 

 foliage abounds with resinous matter and an ethereal oil, on which 

 the aroma depends. 



784. Ord. BalsaminacCiT {Balsam Family). Annual herbs, with 

 succulent stems filled with a watery juice. Leaves simple, without 

 stipules. Flowers irregular, and one of the colored sepals spurred 

 or saccate. Stamens five, cohering by an internal appendage. 



ri6. 753. Kadical leaf of Geranium maculatum (Cranesbill). 75-4. A flowering branch. 

 755. A flower with the calyx and corolla removed, showing the stamens, &c. 756. The pistil 

 in fruit ; the indurated styles separating below from the prolonged axis, and curving back 

 elastically, carrying with them the membranous carpels. 757. A magnified seed. 758. A 

 cross-section of the same, showing the folded and convolute cotyledons. 



