EXOGENOUS OR DICOTYLEDONOUS PLANTS. 



479 



Subclass 2. Gymnospeumous Exogenous Plants. 



Ovules, and consequently the seeds, naked, that is, not enclosed in 

 an ovaiy (560) ; the carpel being represented either by an open 

 scale, as in Pines ; or by a more evident leaf, as in Cycas ; or else 

 wanting altogether, as in the Yew. 



922. Ord. ConiferaD {Pine Family). Trees or shrubs, with branch- 

 ing trunks, abounding in resinous juice (the wood chiefly consisting 

 of a tissue somewhat intermediate between ordinary woody fibre 

 and vessels, and marked with circular disks) ; the leaves mostly 



nss 



1186 



1187 



1180 



1182 



1181 



1185 



1181 



evergreen, scattered or fascicled, usually rigid and needle-shaped or 



FIG. 1180. Carpellary scale of Cupressus sempervirens (the true Cypress), seen from with- 

 in, and showing the numerous orthotropous ovules that stand on its base. 1181. Branch of 

 Abies Canadensis (Hemlock Spruce), with lateral staminatp flowers, and a fertile strobile. 

 1182. Staminate ament, magnified. 1183. Carpellary scale of a fertile anient, with its bract. 

 1184. Similar fertile scale, more magnified and seen from within ; showing the two ovules ad- 

 herent to its base: one of them (the left) laid open. 1185. The scale in front, nearly of the 

 natural size, its inner surface occupied by the two seed.s. 1186. Polycotyledonous embryos of 

 Abies and Cypress. 1187. Vertical section of an embryo. 1188. Strobile of Taxodium dis- 

 tichum (Suborder Cupressineae). 



