518 APPENDIX. 



Those abbreviations of the names of organs Avhlch are commonly em- 

 ployed, such as Cal. for calyx, Cor. for corolla, Fl. for flower, Fr. for 

 friiit, Gen. for genus, Hah. for habitat, Ilcrh. for herbarium, Ilorl. for 

 garden, il/iw. for Museum, Ord. for order, ruid. (Radix) for root, Sijn. for 

 synonymy, Sp. or Spec, for species, Var. for variety, &c., scarcely require 

 explanation. 



V. sp. denotes, in general terms, that the "writer has seen the plant under 



consideration. 

 V. s. c. (^Vldi siccam ciiitam), that a dried specimen of a cultivated plant 



has been examined. 

 V. s. s. (^Vidi siccam s/)o?ifanea/H), that a dried specimen of the wild 



plant has been examined. 

 V. V. c. {Vidi vicam cultam), that the living cultivated plant has been 



under examination. 

 Y. v. s. (Vidi vivam spontaneam'), that the wild plant has been examined 

 in a living state. 



The names of authors, when of more tlian one syllable, are commonly 

 abridfifed bv writiuG; the first s^•llable, and the first letter or the first con- 

 sonant of the second. Thus, Linn., or Z., is the customary abbre\iation 

 for Linna;us ; Juss. for Jussieu ; Wdld. for Willdenow ; Muhl. for INIuh- 

 lenberg ; Miclix. for Michaux; Ricli. for Richard; De Cand., or DC, 

 for De Candolle ; Hook, for Hooker ; Fndl. for Endlicher ; Lindl. for 

 Lindley, &c. 



Of Collecting and Pkeskrvixg Plants. 



1. The botanist's collection of specimens of plants, preserved by dr}'ing 

 under pressure between folds of paper, is termed a Hortus Siccus, or com- 

 monly an Herbarium. 



2. A complete specimen consists of one or more shoots, bearing the 

 leaves, floAvers, and fruit ; and, in case of herbaceous plants, a portion of 

 the root is also desirable. 



3. Fruits and seeds which are too large to accompany the dried speci- 

 mens, or Avhich would be injured by compression with sections of wood, 

 &c., should be separately preserved in cabinets. 



4. Specimens for the herbarimn should be gathered, if possible, in a dry 

 day ; and carried either in a close tin box, as is the common practice, or 

 in a strong j^ortfolio, containing a quire or niore of firm pajier, with a few 

 loose sheets of blotting-paper to receive delicate plants. They are to 

 be dried under strong pressure, (but without crushing the parts,) between 

 dryei^s composed of six to ten thicknesses of bibulous paper ; Avhich should 

 be changed daily, or even more frequently, until all the moisture is ex- 

 tracted from the plants ; — a period which varies in different species, and 



