IJOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXTI. 1915. . 171 



discovered his error and united tlieiu with " pi//t/r/fs," to which lie assigned the 

 distribution " North Africa, Rhodes, Asia Minor rarely." This was correct, 

 but not half enough, and involuntarily misleading. " North Africa " extends from 

 Marocco to Egypt, but onr bird is only known to breed in the Northern Peninsula 

 of Marocco, near Tangier; moreover Southern Spain is not mentioned, though 

 Mr. Dresser should have known tliat it nested there, if only from the beautiful 

 plate in Irby's Ormtholo(j>j of the Sti-atts of Gibraltar. 



(It must be added tluit these birds, like F. p. pelegrinoides, get richer and darker 

 reddish underneath in captivity, at least in England. In former years F. p. pele- 

 grinoiiles used to be introduced into England from Mogador by tlie dealer Castang 

 of Leadenhall Market, and one was kept at Tring by Mr. Rothschild for a number 

 of years, and when it died it was very dark and bright rufescent underneath. The 

 same occurs in F. ]>. jieregrbms ; a ? wiiich lived in Sarajevo is i|nite rust-red 

 underneath ; see also figures in Berajah 1012 and 1013.) 



Ti. Falco peregrinus pelegrinoides Temm. 



Fako pelegrhiniiks Temininck, PL Col. 479 (October 1829 or January 1830 — Xubia ! Good plate 

 only spoiled by the bright yellow iris, which, of course, is brown). 



Falfo punictis Levaillant jun., E.rjilnr. Ah/er. Uix. pi. i. (1850 — a much discussed plate, which, 

 however, cannot be meant for 7^. j). hroohci, but ouly ior /telegriiioitkn^nH ia specially clear from 

 the longitudinal rufous patches ou the sides of the hind-neck, which do not occur to that 

 extent in F. p. hroolcei. Loche and Kleinschmidt had correctly interpreted Levaillant's plate, 

 most authors between the two having misunderstood it.) 



(This is the Fah'o barbariis of most authors. The name Falm harbarus can, however, not be 

 accepted for any Falcon. F. burhnnis Linnaeus, Syst. Xat. ed. x. i. p. 88, 1758, ia only a name 

 for Albin's " Barberry-Falcon " (Albin, pi. 2). Albin's figure is unrecognisable : it has no 

 black or blackish stripe on the sides of the head, and it has large white patches on the upper 

 wing-coverts. There is no Falcon of this group which lacks the dark stripe under the eye, or 

 which has white patches on tlie wing-coverts.) 



One might be in doubt if tliis Falcon should be treated as a subspecies of 

 the Peregrine, or as a distinct species, but I have no doubt that — from my point 

 of view — the former course is the right one. I am glad to say I agree in this with 

 Neumann, Kleinschmidt, and many others. 



This bird breeds on the eastern Canary Islands, in Middle and Southern 

 Marocco to the Southern Atlas Chain, Algeria as far south as the Aurfes Mountains 

 and El-Kantara, Tunisia north of the Atlas, Egypt and Nubia. Near Chartum, 

 according to Mr. A. L. Butler, it is not rare, at least in the winter, but we liave, as 

 far as I know, no record of its nesting so far south. How far east this bird ranges 

 is as yet uncertain. Birds of this group have been shot in South Arabia and in 

 Eritrea. Professor Neumann shot an adult bird at Lahej in South Arabia, where 

 also Dodson obtained it on August 25 (adult male in monlt I), and in September 

 (young). These birds were called " Falco barbaria urabicus" (Erlanger, Joiirn. j. 

 Orn. 1903, p. 293). Whether this form is separable from F. p. pelegrinoides cannot 

 at present be settled, as too few specimens are extant. These appear to be slightly 

 darker on the upperside, and are somewhat greyish laterally, but there is not 

 sufficient evidence to show that this supposed form can be separated. If that 

 should be the case, Abyssinian birds would belong to the same form. Mr. Schrader 

 shot an adult and a young bird in Eritrea in January, and the former is also rather 

 dark ou the upperside for typical pelegrinoides. Whether these birds nest in 

 Abyssinia or in South Arabia is uncertain. Erlanger's diagnosis of his F. b. arabicus 

 is not clear. He talks of differences fnjm " East- and South-African birds," where, 



