NOVITATKS ZoOLOGICAE XXI T. 1913. J (39 



{Hand-list, i. p. 274) admitted two species under those two names, both as 

 occurring in the " Mediterranean countries " (tlins in the same area !), and 

 separating these two " species " by Australian and South American (brnis ! 



The distribution and nomenchiture of the various forms of F<dco j/rreyriiuis are, 

 according to m}' views, at present as follows : 



1. Falco peregrinus peregrinus Tunst. 



FnU-n Pereiiriiiu.-i Tuiistall, Ont. Brit. p. 1 (1771 — The name is based solely on " B. Z. 13(5," i.e. on 

 the " Peregrine Falcon " on p. ISi?. vol. i. of the octavo edition of 17()8 of Pennant's British 

 Zimloijtj. There is no doubt that the bird described there is an adult Peregrine ; the terra 

 typioa for the name pcrei/rinns is therefore Northamptonshire in England). 



Fitirn abiftinus Bechstein, 1^(15, 



Falco coriiiriin Brehm, 18.31, 



and Falco griscirentris Brehm, 1833, refer to German Peregrines ; if any one should separate German 

 Peregrines from the Briti.sh race, the name ahictinns would have to be used, but I cannot, 

 after having e.xamined a good many specimens, a number of which were shot from nests in 

 western, central, and eastern Germany, see any pos.sibility of separating them. (For full 

 references see Viiij. i>al. Fauna, ii. p. 1043.) 



Falco barharu.i subsp. rjcrmatiiciis Erlanger, Journ. f. Orii. 1!)03, p. 204 (Heldra, near TrelTurt. I 

 have compared the type in the Erlanger Collection, and there can be no doubt whatever — as 

 already pointed out by Kleinscbmidt, Fulcn i. p. 4 — that this bird is an ordinary German 

 Peregrine with a rufous nape-patch, which occurs occasionally, though rarely, either indicated 

 or distinctly developed). 



FalcojicreijriiMS rlicnaims Kleinscbmidt, Berajah 1913, "Falco jicrogriHus," pi. ix. (Kleinschmidt was 

 oE opinion that birds from the Rhine formed a separate subspecies, but I cannot confirm his 

 views). 



Falco pcreijrinu.i lirittanirns Erlanger, Jonrii. .f. Ont. 1!)03, p. 29G (Great Britain. Type: Isle of 

 Man, in Tring Museum. Erlanger had not understood or not looked up the original description 

 of Falco peregrinus and thus created a clear synonym ot peregrinua). 



This form inhabits Europe from North Sweden and North Russia at least to 

 the Pyrenees, Alps, and Italy, Bulgaria, Bosnia, Montenegro, Albania, Rumania. 

 (For farther details see Vog. pal. Fauna, ii. p. 1045.) 



Mr. Rud. von Thanner informs me, in litt., that he shot a specimen on 

 Fuertaventura (Canary Islands), the first knowu to have occurred there. It would 

 be interesting to compare it, as it might possibly belong to calidtis. 



2. Falco peregrinus calidus Lath. 



Falco calidus Latham, Iiid. Orn. i. p. 41 (1790 — India. This appears to be the first description of 



the eastern race, and there is no doubt that it is that of a Peregrine). 

 Falco liimiliitns Daudin, 1800, is a " better " name for calidus ; Falco leucoijemjs Brehm, 1854, was 



given to German and Egyptian migrants. 



Buturlin has described two other races : F. p. ussiiriensis from Ussuriland and Japan and 



F.p. harterti from the Lower Lena to Anadyr, common on the Kolyma. I have seen his types, 



but in my opinion there is no ground on which to separate several Siberian races. 



I have to add nothing to the characters which distinguish this race from 

 F. p. peregrinus, as described on p. 1U4C), nor can I state with absolute certainty 

 how far westwards it extends, but it seems as if it begins in West Siberia and 

 perhaps even in the Kirghize steppes (where in any case it occurs as a migrant), and 

 reaches eastwards to Anadyr and Kamtschatka. Its migrations are enormous, as is 

 to be expected from a bird inhabiting conntries with a very severe winter ; while 

 those of the North European race are very limited, since it remains in most of its 

 habitats, and is only known, as a rule, to go south to the Mediterranean islands 

 (Sardinia) jtj winter, F. p- caluhis migrates regularly to India, the Lakkadive 



