NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 1917. 67 



and northern portions of Western Algeria and the known portions of Morocco ; 

 and (3) that inhabiting the desert areas of Algeria and probably Tunisia and 

 running up in places into the southern portions of the " Hants Plateaux." 



The second local form presents little or no difficult}' beyond the question 

 of the priority of the two names rnauretanica Blachier and maxima Verity, but 

 the other two forms are not so simple. In my " Revision of the PapUios of the 

 Eastern Hemisphere, exclusive of Africa," Nov. Zool. vol. ii. pp. 165-463, I 

 united under P. macJMon sphyrus Hiibn. (see pp. 275-276) all the maclmon from 

 England, South Europe, North Africa, and Western Asia (to Cashmere). 



As our knowledge of lepidoptera has advanced by leaps and bounds since 

 then, it is not remarkable that this classification of the 7nachaon forms should 

 now prove to be out of date. The British form is distmct enough to warrant 

 a separate designation, and the Moroccan and West Algerian and that from 

 the desert regions of Algeria have also proved to be two distinct local races 

 which must be separated. The consideration, therefore, only remains of the 

 form inhabiting the northern portions of Central and Eastern Algeria and 

 Tunisia. This involves the vexed cjuestion, " What is sphyrus Hiibn. ? " He has 

 given no locality for it, and the figures (ff . 775, 776) at fii'st sight give one the 

 impression of the British form. However, the yellow is too dark, and it agrees, 

 I think, fairly well with Spanish, South France and Italian specimens. The 

 North African specimens (Alger, Hamniam R'ilira, Tunis, etc.) differ slightly both 

 from Portuguese and Riviera ones in the width of the black outer one-fourth of 

 forewing, in the more oblong and narrower red area in the anal ocellus of 

 hindwing, in the larger yellow submarginal spots of the hinchvmg, and in the 

 reduced orange spots below. 



Dr. Verity has separated the Algerian and Noitli Tunisian machaon as m. 

 mauretanica ; and although I consider that I have not enough dated material 

 from both sides of the Mediterranean to give a final assent to this, it is quite 

 certain that a number of the North African specimens show characters never 

 found in those from South Europe, so I have adopted Dr. Verity's name in the 

 present article. The summer generation appears alwajs to be distinguished 

 by greater extent of yellow on the abdomen. 



Mr. Oberthiir states that he has never seen any account of the larvae of 

 any of the Asiatic forms of inachaon. I have a number of blown larvae 

 of machaon hippocrates Feld. from Japan. They are exactly like the larvae of 

 European machaon, but much larger.] 



1. Papilio machaon mauretanica Verity. 



Papilio machaon mauretanica Verity, Rhopaloccra Palaearctica, p. 12. pi. ii. f. 5 (1905) (Alger). 



The larvae of the Algerian mauretanica resembles European machaon larvae, 

 but appears to have the black bands on the segments and especially these 

 between the segments broader. We found two larvae at Khenchela in the last 

 moult but one, May 1912, of which I prepared one that died before the last 

 moult . The second pupated, but died at Tring. These larvae had both the 

 segmental and intrasegmental black rings complete, so undoubtedly the Klienchela 

 machaon belongs to the northern form. We found this insect fairly abundant 

 round Mustapha and at Hammam R'ihra, but elsewhere we only came across it 

 occasionally. 



