NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIV. 1917. 119 



OS. Coenonympha pamphilus lyllus (Esper). 



Papilh lyllus Esper, Schmeit. vol. i. part ii. t. 122. f. 1 (1777) (?). 



In the Mediterranean Region the form lyllus is the summer generation, the 

 spring generation being practically indistinguishcable from typical pamphilus. 

 It is a fact, however, that in typical pamphilus (type locality, Sweden) of North 

 and Central Europe, the form with sandy buif hindwings below never occurs ; 

 so that we must apply the name lyllus to the whole form from the Mediterranean 

 Basin, not merely to the third generation. 



Mr. Oberthiir says he is much interested in pamphilus and its forms ; in 

 fact, he says that there is often much more of interest connected with very 

 common insects than with many very rare and high-priced species, I heartily 

 associate myself with him, and wish once more to insist that the only waj' to 

 study the Natural History of the various creatures in the world is not only to 

 try to collect specimens of each from the largest possible number of localities, 

 but also to get together as many as possible from each one of these localities. 

 Thus only shall we be able to determine not only the status of each species, but 

 also the various local races and individual aberrations, seasonal and sexual 

 differentiations, the effect of heat, cold, damp, or dryness, and the host of other 

 influences which determine the amount of variation within each species, Mr, 

 Oberthiir points out that in Algeria pamphilus even in February shows the grey 

 on the hindwings below slightly more washed with 3'ellow than in Central Euro- 

 pean examples. In June there is already a mixture of 'pamphilust-Y\k.e specimens 

 and true lyllus, as well as complete intermediates, while in July and August 

 only lyllus and intermediate specimens occur. The aberrations thyrsoides Stdgr. 

 and margi7iata Stdgr. occur most frequently in the $$s ; I have never come 

 myself across a 3 thyrsoides, though among Faroult's Masser Mines specimens 

 are several (J marginata. 



The Tring series of Mauretanian examples of p. lyllus numbers 287. 

 1 Tamarouth, Morocco, June 1904, W. Riggenbach. 

 1 Truchan, Morocco, May 1904, W, Riggenbach. 



3 Rabat, Morocco, 1914, A. Thery. 



26 Zoudj-et-Beghal, Morocco, July 1914, Faroult. 



18 Masser Mines, June 1914, Faroult. 



17 Tlemcen, April 1913, W, R. and E. H, 



4 Titen Yaya, May 1915, Rotrou, 

 1 Les Pins, July 1915, Rotrou, 



13 Oran, AprU 1913, W. R, and E, H. 



5 Leila Kredidja, July 1907, Dr. Nissen, 



10 Hammam R'ihra, AprU— May 1908-1912, W, R,, E, H., and K. J. 

 1 Djebel Zaccar above MUiana, July 1916, Faroult. 



1 Teniet-el-Haad, July 1905, Dr, Nissen, 



2 Berrouaghia, AprU 1914, Faroult. 

 1 Boghar, July 1905, Dr. Nissen, 



76 Guelt-es-Stei, April 1913, Faroult. 



1 Puits Baba, May 1913, Faroult. 



1 Djelfa, May 1913, Faroult, 



1 Bou Saada, May 1912, Faroult. 

 27 Khenchcia, May— June 1911-1912, W, R., K. J., and Faroult, 



