448 KovTTATia ZooLoeicAE XXr\'. 1917. 



Clark {U.S. Xat. 3Ius. xxxii. p. 468. 190") sejiarated the jiheasaut from 

 Tsu-sliima Island as P. karpoiri huturlini. I have ixamincd five adult males 

 from Tsu-shima and find them not to differ from kurpowi, the supposed differ- 

 ences pointed out by Clark being variable or non-existing. One adult male in 

 the Tring JIuseum has the white ring interrupted in front for about ;V5 cm., 

 the others have the ring complete. 



P. c. karpotvi inhabits Corca and Tsu-shima with Southern Manchuria, 

 according to Buturlin north to Kirin, south to Lao-yang ; possibly the dis- 

 tribution extends much farther south than Buturlin believes, and sometimes 

 Icarpowi and iorquntns are not easy to separate. 



North of knrpuici lives : 



Phasianiis cnlchicus pallasi Rothsch. 



Synonyms: Phasiaiins nlphcrakyi Buturlin (Ibis, 1904. p. 399) and Phtisianus 

 alpherakyi ussuriensis id. (/6)'.s, 1904, p. 403). The author rejected Rothschild's 

 name palla.si, because the latter, at the time, thought that the C'orean pheasant 

 (karpoiri) was the same, but pnllasi refers distinctly to the bird mentioned by 

 Pallas as the " Mongolian variety," and the types were specimens from tho 

 Lower Sidemi River. Buturlin says that his alpherakiji inhabits Central Man- 

 churia near the Sungari River, while his alpherakyi uf-.'surievsin occurred round 

 tho Ussuri River near the shores of the Japan Sea ; but the two supposed 

 forms cannot be separated, as they are absolutely identical. 



Ph. colchicus pallasi diffeis from Ph. c. torquatus and karpoxci in its complete 

 and wider white ring and generally lighter coloration, and it inhabits Ussuriland 

 and the northern and middle parts of Mancluiria. I have examined a fine 

 series, among them ten beautiful adult males from the Sidemi River, collected 

 by the brothers Dorries. 



A very close ally of pallasi is hagenbechi (Rothschild, Bull. B.O. Club, xii. 

 p. 20. 1901). It was originally described and separated by other authors under 

 erroneous impressions, because the types are in strongly worn summer plumage, 

 and the supposed differences from pallasi are due to their appearance as com- 

 pared with fine males in fresh plumage from Ussuriland and Manchuria. Never- 

 theless there is a difference, for the black edges to the feathers of the jugulum 

 and breast are continuous and distinctly wider, and the white spot under the 

 ear-coverts, which is always present in pallasi, is generally absent. 



The distribution of hagenbechi is not known, for the only specimens of 

 which we have any knowledge are from Kobdo, K;\ra-ussu, and Achit-Nor, 

 north of the Ektag (White-summit) Altai. It is very desirable to compare 

 a series in fresh plumage and from other places. 



" Phasianus alaschanicus " is only known to iie from the descriptions 

 of AljDheraki & Bianchi and Butui'lin. 



0. About the Species and Subspecies of Phasianus. 



Tn the reviews of the true pheasants by Buturlin (Ibis, 1904 and 1908) 

 arid by Alpheraki & Bianchi {Ann. Mus. Si. Petersbourg. xii. 1908), the various 

 forms are grouped into a number of species, many of which have several sub- 

 species. I cannot agree to either oi tljeje groupings, wlych seem to me. s.ome- 



