Penaeus setiferus (Linnaeus) — Continued Page 



Distribution and morphological variations 477 



Relationships 480 



Reproduction 480 



Subadult stage-sexual maturity 480 



Copulation 480 



Ovary development 481 



Spawning 481 



Sex ratio 482 



Postembryonic development 482 



Larvae, postlarvae, and juveniles 482 



Growth 483 



Sex differences in size 483 



Ecology 483 



Food 483 



Substrate 484 



Diel cycle 484 



Movements 484 



Effects of temperature 485 



Effects of salinity 485 



Enemies and diseases 486 



Hardiness 486 



Commercial importance 486 



Penaeus schmitt i Burkenroad 487 



Taxonomic remarks 488 



Study material 488 



Cuba 488 



Jamaica 488 



Haiti 488 



British Honduras 488 



Nicaragua 488 



Costa Rica 488 



Panama 488 



Colombia 488 



Venezuela 488 



Trinidad 489 



Guyana 489 



Surinam 489 



Brazil 489 



Pard-Maranhao 489 



Maranhao 489 



Ceard 489 



Pernambuco 489 



Alagoas 489 



Bahia 489 



Sergipe 489 



Espfrito Santo 489 



Rio de Janeiro 489 



Sao Paulo 489 



Parand 489 



Santa Catarina 489 



Diagnosis 489 



Description 489 



Rostrum 489 



Carapace 490 



Antennules 490 



Antennae 490 



Thoracic appendages 490 



Abdomen 491 



Petasma 491 



Appendix masculina 491 



Spermatophore 493 



IV 



