Atlantic Coast, juveniles and subadults are fished 

 in brackish water in Surinam and Brazil. 



Little is known of the seasonal abundance of the 

 young. According to Lijding (1956, fide Holthuis 

 1959), inshore catches in Surinam are higher dur- 

 ing July and August; Lindner (1957) reported 

 that in northern Brazil they are caught the year 

 round, but reach a peak of abundance from May 

 to October. 

 EFFECTS OF TEMPERATURE 



Xo information is available on the effects of tem- 

 perature on P. a. suhtilk. Its distribution, however, 

 seems to indicate that it requires relatively high 

 temperatures because it is restricted to the Carib- 

 bean Sea and the warmest waters of the western 

 Atlantic. 

 EFFECTS OF SALINITY 



The young, from late postlarvae to subadults, 

 can live within a considerable range of salinities — 

 from estuarine waters to small lagoons of high sa- 

 linity, for example in Laguna Doctor, Playa de 

 Baracoa, Cuba, and in pools in Surinam which 

 have a salinity higher than sea water because of 

 strong evaporation (Holthuis, 1959). 



ENEMIES AND DISEASES 



No investigations on camaron marron predators 

 and enemies have been undertaken. Like its con- 

 geners, it most probably constitutes an important 

 component of the diet of various carnivorous ani- 

 mals, particularly fishes. Holthuis (1959) reported 

 one specimen from the stomach of the kingfisher 

 Chloroceryle mnericana (Gmelin). 



Commercial Importance 



P. a. .subtilis is fished commercially in some 

 areas throughout its range. It is taken in small 

 numbers in many Antillean islands, usually along 

 with the other abundant Penaeu-s. The fact that 

 often no common name identifies this subspecies, 

 whereas the other Penaeus are known by a variety 

 of descriptive names, indicates that it is not fre- 

 quent in the catclies here. Camaron marron con- 

 tributes to the commercial catches in Honduras 

 (Loesch, 1962; Croker, 1967), Nicaragua (Croker, 

 1967; Instituto de Fomento Nacional, 1967), Co- 

 lombia and Venezuela. Ewald (1965c) reported 

 that young are caught in the northern portion of 

 Lake Maracaibo and adults in the Gulf of Vene- 

 zuela; Lindner (1957) mentioned a fishery for 

 adults at Puerto Cabello. Sampling by the Oregon 

 along the coast of both Venezuela and Colombia 



has suggested that large adults of this subspecies 

 are found throughout the region at depths beyond 

 the present range of fishing. Lindner (1957) and 

 Lijding (1956, fide Holthuis, 1959), reported that 

 the young are fished in the estuarine waters of 

 Surinam, and, in recent years, adults have been 

 caught off the Guianas. 



Camaron marron is also commercially exploited 

 in Brazil. In inland waters and off beaches along 

 the northern coast, from the eastern shore of Baia 

 de Marajo through Sao Luis to Parnaiba, fishing 

 is very active; the young are also caught in Sal- 

 vador. Finally, for many years, a fishery for adults 

 has existed along the eastern coast, from Kio Doce 

 to Cabo Frio. 



Penaeus ( Melicertus ) paulensis 

 Perez Farfante 



Figures 60 to 67 



Brazil : camarao rosa. Uruguay : langostino. 



Penaeus setifenis: Heller, 1865: 121 [part]. Not 

 P. setifcrus (L.), 1767. 



Penaeus hraziliensis: Kingsley, 1882 : 106 [part?] ; 

 Moreira, 1901 : 6, 7, 72 [part] ; Moreira, 1905 : 

 130 [part?]. 



Penaeus hrasUiensis : Ortmann, 1890: 446, 447, 

 449 [part], pi. .36, fig. 1 a-c; Sharp, 189.3: 109 

 [part] ; Pesta, 1915 : 113 [part] ; Lindner, 1957 : 

 15 ; Devoid, 1958 : 20 [part] ; ?Lindner, 1958 : 

 32; Barattini and Ureta, 1960 : 49. Not P. hrasi- 

 liensis Lat., 1817. 



Penaeus aztecus: Burkenroad, 1939 [part, "Form 

 C"] : 20, 27, 35, 36, 38, 39, 41, figs. 32-34; Lind- 

 ner, 1957: 11, 12, 14; Lindner, 1958 : 33; Eldred 

 and Hutton, 1960 : 91, 106, 108 ; Miles, 1962 : 193 

 [part]; Boschi, 1963: 26-29, fig. 11 [part]; 

 Boschi, 1964 : 40, 41 [part] ; Mistakidis and 

 Neiva, 1964: 472; Neiva and Wise, 1964: 132, 

 ( 133 [part] ) ; Tremel et al., 1964 : 6, 7, 12, 14, 15, 

 19, 24, 30, 32, 34, 36, 38, 40, 42 [part]) ; Holthuis 

 and Rosa, 1965 : 4 [part] ; Mistakidis, 1965 : 9, 

 11-13, 38 (4, 8, 35 [part]) ; da Silva, 1965: 3, 4 

 (7 [part]); Tremel and Mistakidis, 1965: 2, 

 summary (4, table 3 [part]) ; Williams, 1965: 

 25, 26; Mistakidis and Neiva, 1966: 4.34; Neiva 

 and Mistakidis, 1966: 2, 5, 6, fig. 10 a-d; [fide] 

 Perez Farfante, 1967 : 84, 87. Boschi, 1968 : 222- 

 223. Not P. aztecus Ives, 1891. 



Penaeus paulensis Perez Farfante, 1967: 84, 86, 

 87, 93, fig. 1 a-d (holotype, $ , USNM 119128, 

 Santos, Sao Paulo, Brazil, April 1964, M. 

 Vannucci) ; Boschi, 1968: 223. 



WESTERN ATLANTIC SHRIMPS OF GENUS PENAEUS 



555 



