zhizni dal'nevostochnyk lososei, pp. 52-63. Mos- 

 cow, Vsesoyuznyi Nauchnoissledovatel'skii Insti- 

 tut Moi-skogro Rybnogo Khozyaistva i Okeano- 

 grafii (VNIRO). (Translated by R. E. Foerster, 

 1958, Fish. Res. Board. Can., Biol. Sta., Nanaimo, 

 B.C., Canada, Transl. Ser. 181.) 



KUBO, Tatshro. 



1958. Study of sockeye salmon stocks by means of 

 the grrowth pattern of scales (preliminary re- 

 port). Fac. Fish., Hokkaido Univ. (Hakodate), 

 Part I — Text, 15 pp. (In Japanese); Part II — 2 

 plates and 16 figures (In Engli.sh). (Translation 

 of Part I by H. Kasahara, Int. N. Pac. Fi.'ih. 

 Comm., Vancouver, B.C., Canada, Doc. 206, 9 

 pp.) 



KuBO, Tatsuro, and Jun Kosaka. 



1959. A study on 63 age group red salmon stocks 

 by scale growth formula. Suisan Cho (Fisheries 

 Agency, Japan), 27 pp. [Processed.] (Int. N. Pac. 

 Fish. Comm., Doc. 326.) (In Japanese, with Eng- 

 lish abstract, headings, tables, and figure leg- 

 ends.) 



MosHER, Kenneth H. 



1950. Description of a projection device for use in 



age determination from fish scales. [U.S.] Fish. 



Wildl. Serv., Fish. Bull. 51: 405-407. 

 1963. Racial analysis of red salmon by means of 



scales. Int. N. Pac. Fish. Comm., Bull. 11: 31-56. 



MosHER, Kenneth H., Raymond E. Anas, and 

 Kenneth L. Liscom. 



1961. Study on scales, hi Report on the investi- 

 gations by the United States for the International 

 North Pacific Fisheries Commission — 1961. Int. 

 N. Pac: Fish. Comm., Annu. Rep. 1960: 88-95. 



Neave, Ferris. 



1936. The development of the scales of Salmo. 

 Trans. Roy. Soc. Can., Ser. 3, 30(5) : 55-72. 



Wallin, Olle. 



1957. On the growth structure and developmental 

 physiology of the scale of fishes. Fish. Board. 

 Sweden, Inst. Freshwater Res., Rep. 38: 385-447. 



Welander, Arthur D. 



1940. A study of the development of the scale of 

 the Chinook salmon (Oncorliynclius tschaivyts- 

 cha). M.S. thesis, Univ. Wash., Seattle, 59 pp. 

 [Typescript.] 



APPENDIX A 



GLOSSARY OF TERMS 



Adventitious mark or check. — A nonperiodic 

 interruption in the regular pattern of scale 

 growth. The check may or may not resemble a 



winter gi'owth zone. See plates 6 (migration 

 checks), 19B (twisted areas), and 19C (scar). 



Annual ring, annuliis, resting zone, ivinter 

 ring, winter zone*, winter mark, year mark, or 

 year ring. — A concentration of circuli or a series 

 of interrupted circuli denoting a winter of life of 

 the fish. See plates 1, 4, and 10. 



Annulus. — See annual ring and footnote 4. 



Anterior field*, sculptured field. — The portion 

 of the scale that was embedded in the scale 

 pocket toward the head of the fish and is sculp- 

 tured with circuli. See plate 1. All plates show 

 anterior fields. 



Bases of circtdi. — On the sockeye salmon scale 

 only the first few circuli encircle the center or 

 focus of the scale. The circuli beyond these first 

 few are arcs. The ends of the circuli at the pos- 

 terior field are their bases. 



Central platelet or focus. — The area enclosed 

 by the first or central circulus. 



Circulus* (plural, circuli), stria, or sclerite. — 

 A ridge on the upper surface of the anterior field 

 of the scale. See Neave (1936), Welander 

 (1940) , or Wallin (1957) . The circuli and inter- 

 spaces (grooves) appear under magnification as 

 concentric light and dark rings around the an- 

 terior field of the scale. All plates show circuli. 



Clear field or area, posterior field* or area. — 

 The portion of the scale which protrudes from 

 the scale pocket toward the tail of the fish. This 

 portion of the scale is a relatively clear area 

 without distinctive growth features. See plate 1. 



Focus. — See central platelet. 



Fresh-water growth*, fresh-water zone, fresh- 

 water growth zone, lacustrine growth, lacustrine 

 zone, lacustrine growth zone, or nucleus. — The 

 central portion of the scale formed while the fish 

 was in fresh water. See plates 1 and 3 through 5. 



Incidental growth, incidental zone, incidental 

 growth zone, intermediate growth, intermediate 

 zone, intermediate growth zone, plus growth*, 

 plus zone, plus growth zone, transitional zone, 

 transitional growth zone, trayisitional zone, or 

 spring growth. — The portion of some scales be- 

 tween the fresh-water and the ocean growth 



• here and later indicates the term I prefer. 



PHOTOGRAPHIC ATLAS OF SOCKEYE SALMON SCALES 



275 



