OBSERVATIONS ON SAPROLEGNIA INFESTING FISHES. 171 



LITERATURE. 



Perhaps no class of fungi has been more thoroughly studied than the Saprolegni- 

 acew, owing, no doubt, to the ease with which these forms may be observed through 

 all their various stages of development. This has given rise to a very extended liter- 

 ature of the subject, and I append references to all items accessible to me in which 

 Saprolegnia is mentioned as a parasite of flsh. The name of the article is not usually 

 given, but the reader is cited directly to the page on which mention of Sa/prolegnia 

 occurs, and for convenience the character of the reference is brietly indicated. 



Baron de la V alette St. George, 1879. Circular No. 3, German Fishery Association. (Trans- 

 lated by Jacobsen, in Rep. U. S. Fish Comm. for 1878, p. 509.) 

 Among enemies of fish mentions S. ferax as destructive to eggs and even live fish. Recommends 

 a continuous supply of pure cold water. 

 Bencke, 1885. Feinde der Teichwirtschaft, in "Die Teichwirtschaft." (Translated by Jacobsen, in 

 Bull. U. S. Fish. Comm., VI, p. 342.) 

 Refers to a saprolegnious disease of fish in central Europe, and says it may be cured by placing 

 the fish in a 1 per cent, solution of salt water, or by washing them with still salter water. 

 Bennett, 1842. Parasitic Fungi in Living Animals. Trans. Roy. Soc. Edinburgh, vol. xv, pt. n, 

 pp. 284, 287; also as separate. 

 Gives account of "colorless confervas" found by different authors on fish and their eggs. 

 Berkeley, 1864. Intellectual Observer, p. 147. 



Mentions certain Saprolegniacece as destructive to fish and their ova. 

 Berlese and De Toni, 1888. Saccardo's Sylloge Fungorum, vol. vn, pt. i, p. 270. 



Mentions S. ferax us found on dead flies, fish, salamanders, etc. 

 Bessey, 1885. Botany for High Schools and Colleges, p. 257. 



Notes S. ferax as growing on dead and living fish, and refers to the epidemic in England in 1878. 

 Botanische Zeitung, 1868, p. 829. 



A short note in which Conn is said to have produced death of goldfish by artificial infection with 

 Achlya. 

 Brook, 1879. Trans, and Proc. Bot. Soc. Edinburgh, vol. xm, p. 389. 



Gives notes on salmon disease of the Esk and Eden rivers. 

 Buckland, Walpole, and Young, 1880. Report on disease which has recently prevailed among 

 salmon. 

 Treats of Saprolegnia. 

 Century Dictionary, 1891, vol. v, pp. 5315, 5340. 



Under "salmon-disease," and under "Saprolegnia," mention of S. ferax as destructive to fish, 

 especially salmon. 

 Clark, 1874. Amer. Nat., vol. vin, p. 363. 



Mentions occurrence of Achlya prolifera (?) on live flsh in a house aquarium, giving method of 

 treatment, etc. 

 Cooke, 1880. Grevillea, vol. ix, p. 9. (Copied in Jour. Roy. Micr. Soc. 1880, p. 997.) 



States that Rutherford found bacteria present in muscles of diseased salmon, which he thought 

 might cause the disease. Cooke thinks it due to S. ferax. 

 Cooper. Micr. Jour., vol. i, p. 149. 



Notes a fungous growth that killed goldfish. 

 De Bary, 1888. Botanische Zeitung, p. 617. 

 Mentions S. mixta as found on sick flsh. 

 Farlow and Seymour, 1891. Host Index IT. S. Fungi, p. 179. 



Mentions £. ferax as reported in United States on several kinds of flsh. 

 Fischer, 1892. Eaben. Krypt. Flora (I'ilze), Lief. L., pp. 337, 340. 



Mentions occurrence of S. monoica and 8. thureti on dead flsh, and S. mixta on sick fish. 

 Gerard, 1879. Proc. Poughkerpsie Soc. Nat. Sci. 1878, p. 25. 



Gives an account of an epidemic among fish of Passaic River, N. J., in which species affected 

 in order of mortality were as follows: Sucker, mullet, chub, roach, suntish, yellow perch, 

 catfisb, and a few pickerel. 

 Goodsir, 1846. Trans. Bot. Soc. Edinburgh, vol. i. (Article noticed in Bot. Zeit. 1846, p. 479.) 



Describes a plant developing on gills and fins of goldfish. 

 Harkness and Moore, 1880. Pacific Coast Fungi, p. 32. 



S. ferax mentioned as common on dead flies and living salmon. 

 Hine, 1878. Amer. Quart. Micr. Jour., vol. i, pp. 20, 145. 



In a general article on Saprolegniacew mentions forms parasitic on fish, etc. 

 Hoffman, 1867. Botanische Zeitung, p. 345. 



In an article on the relation of a Saprolegnia and a Mucor, mentions the occurrence of the former 

 on fish. 

 Huxley, 1882. Quart. Jour. Micr. Soc, vol. xxn, n. s., p. 311. (Abstract of article in Am. Month. 

 Micr. Jour., in, p. 137.) 

 Treats of Saprolegnia in its relation to epidemic disease among salmon. 



