420 BULLETIN OF THE UNITED STATES FISH COMMISSION. 



whales and dolphins, the edible turtles, the "frn," the mackerel, the tunny, the bonito, 

 the cod, the soles and flounders, the carp (with the goldfish), the salmon, the u ayuf 

 the sardine, the herring, the oyster, the shrimps and lobsters, and the algae before 

 referred to. By the adoption of this plan, it is hoped that a fairly representative dis- 

 play of the fishing industries of Japan has been secured. 



The models of nets, boats, etc., have been made with the strictest fidelity to the 

 originals, even in minute details, so that the actual things may again be constructed 

 from them. Only, as it is impossible to reduce the size of the meshes in nets on the 

 same scale with other parts of the models, the proportions of meshes in different parts 

 of large nets are alone intended to be displayed. 



When the size of the meshes is given in the description of the nets, it is to be under- 

 stood as the distance between every two knots on the same straight line, when they 

 are pulled as far apart as possible. 



The prices given are all wholesale prices in the Japanese market. A yen ( = 100 

 sen) is equal at the present rate of exchange to $0.65£ U. S. gold. 



THE WHALE AND DOLPHIN FISHERIES. 



The whales found in the seas adjacent to the Japanese coasts are the finback 

 whale (Bala'na japonica), the semi-kujira of the Japanese; the California gray whale 

 (Rhachianectes glaucus), known among the Japanese as the ko-kujira; the hump- 

 back whale (Megaptera hoops?), whose Japanese name is the zato-kujira; the rorqual 

 (Bahcnoptcra arctica), known in Japan as the iwashi-kujira or katsuwo-kujira; the 

 sulphur-bottom whale (Sibbaldius sulphureus?), called nagasu-kujira in the language 

 of the country; the sperm whale (Pliyseter macrocephalus), known as makko-kujira; 

 and the sperm-whale porpoise (Hyperoodon rostratusf), whose Japanese equivalent is 

 tsuchi-kujira. Of the porpoises and dolphins found in the waters of the country 

 are the sunameri (Neomeris phoccvnoides), the goto-kujira or blackfish (Globicephalns 

 sieboidii), the sakamata or grampus (Grampus saJcamata), and the iruka or dolphin 

 (Delphinus longirostris), the last named being the most common. 



Dolphins and other small cetaceans are captured by means of nets. A dolphin 

 net, exhibited by model in the Japanese section of the fisheries building, used at Tago 

 in the province of Izu, consists of three separate nettings, called respectively the 

 "closer," the "seine," and the "tuck-seine." The first is used for closing the mouth 

 of the bay when the dolphins have entered it. It is made of straw ropes and the 

 meshes are about 2 feet and 5 inches. The seine is used for encircling the dolphins 

 and drawing them near the land. Its central portion is made of hemp, and the meshes 

 are here about 8A inches; while the two lateral portions are made of straw ropes with 

 meshes of from about 2 feet to 2 feet and 5 inches. The tuck-seine is used for finally 

 landing the dolphins. It is made entirely of straw aud the meshes are about 8£ inches. 

 Six boats are attached to it as floats. 



The prepared products of this group of marine animals represented at the expo- 

 sition consist of dolphin oil ami crude and refined rorqual oil, manufactured by the 

 Tokyo Fish Oil and Wax Company and exported to London, the price received being 

 about 6 yen per 100 pounds. There were exhibited also crude and refined sperm whale 

 oil, refined rorqual wax, and crude and refined spermaceti. The oil and wax of the sperm 

 whale are produced only in small quantities. The price for the oil is 6 or 7 yen per 

 100 pounds; for the spermaceti, 15 or 18 yen per 100, and for the rorqual wax, 13 to 16 

 yen per 100. 



