THE FISHERIES OF JAPAN. 



433 



OYSTERS AND OTHER MOLLUSKS. 



Among the mollusks of economic importance in Japan, the following, represented 

 in the exhibit by specimens, photographs, etc., may be mentioned: 



Octopus octopodia (Jap. Ma-Oako).* 

 Octopus megalocyathus (Jap. Yanigi-Dako). 

 Octopus ocellatus (Jap. Ii-Dako). 

 Ommastrephes oualaniensis (Jap. Surum6-Ika.) 

 Loliijo vulgaris (Jap. Yari-Ika). 

 Sepioteuthis lessoniana (Jap. Awori-Ika). 

 Sepia sp. (Jap. Hari-Ika). 

 Rapana bezoar (Jap. Aka-Nishi). 

 Triton saulice (Jap. Hora-Gai).t 

 Turbo cornntus (Jap. Sazai). 

 Haliotis gigantea (Jap. Awabi). 

 Haliotis rerginea (Jap. Tokobushi). 

 Lntraria nuttalli (Jap. Mirukui). 

 Siliquaria constricta (Jap. Agemaki). 

 Mactra sulcataria (Jap. Baka-Gai). 

 Trigonelta sar.halinensis (.lap. Uba-Gai 

 Hokki-Gai). 



or 



Cytherea meretrix (Jap. Haruaguri). 

 Dosinia troscheli (Jap. Manju-Gai). 

 Tapes philipinarum (Jap. Asari). 

 Corbicula atrata (Jap. Shijiiui). 

 Cardium japonicum (Jap. Tori-Gai). 

 Tridacna gigas (Jap. Shako-Gai). 

 Area in flat a (Jap. Aka-Gai). 

 Area subcrenata (Jap. Sambo). 

 Area granosa (Jap. Hai-Gai). 

 Mytilus crassitesta (Jap. I-Gai). 

 Pinna japonica (Jap. Tairagi). 

 Pinna sp. (Jap. Kuro-Mabe). 

 Avieula martensii (Jap. Akoya-Gai). 

 Peeten yessoensis (Jap. Hotate-Gai). 

 Pecten laqueatus (Jap. Itaya-Gai). 

 Ostrea cucuUata (Jap. Kaki). I 

 Ostrea denselamellosa (Jap. Itabo-Gaki). 



These shellfish are useful for food and for various industrial purposes. The oyster., 

 Avieula martensii, Area granosa, Mactra sulcataria, and Cardium japonicum are culti- 

 vated in various parts of Japan. Canned oysters are prepared in Hiroshima and 

 Hokkaido. Price per dozen yen, 1.50. 



The Trigonella is also canned, and has the same value as the oysters. 



CRUSTACEAN FISHERIES. 



Shrimps, lobsters, prawns, crabs, and other kinds of crustaceans are taken by the 

 Japanese for lood. Chief among the economic species are the following: 



Palinurus japonicus (Jap. Ise-Ebi). 

 Peneus canaliculata (Jap. Kuruuia-Ebi ). 

 Peneus etisis (Jap. Shiba-Ebi). 

 Palcemou longipes (Jap. Tenaga-Ebi). 

 Palwmon sp. (Jap. Numa-Ebi). 

 Squilla oratorio, (Jap. Shako). 



Mi/sis sp. (Jap. Ami). 

 Porhenas pelagieus (Jap. Gazarni). 

 Lithodes camschatica (Jap. Ibara-Gani). § 

 Inaehus sp. (Jap. Taraba-Gani). 

 Grapsus japonicus (Jap. Mokuza-Gaui). 



Besides these there are still many other species of shrimps and lobsters in Japan. 

 They are all used for food or bait, and are economically very important. Palinurus 

 japonicus, or the spiny lobster, lives on stony bottoms of the Pacific shores washed 

 by warm currents; but the other species are mostly found in bays, and prefer sandy 

 or muddy bottoms. They usually hide themselves during the day, and go out in 

 search of food at night 



The spiny lobster is caught with gill nets, while the other smaller forms are caught 

 either with trawls or flat nets, or with traps. 



The lobster trawl is a hempen net extensively used in the Inland Sea, and closely 

 resembles the trawl for catching soles already described. The only points of difference 



* Toko =. cuttlefish, changed into Dako when compounded with a prefix. 

 t Kai = shellfish, changed into Gai when compounded with a prefix. 

 I Kaki — oyster, changed into Gaki when compounded with a prefix. 

 $ Kani=cra,h, changed to gaui when compounded with a prefix. 



F. C. B. 1893—28 



