MILLER and SUMIDA: DEVELOPMENT OF CARANX MATE 



and, in general, was of higher quality than that 

 found in the bay used in the Series A cultures. 

 Salinity was always about 35 Vco . 



Water temperature in the beakers during 

 the experiment ranged from 23.5 to 24.4°C. Bay 

 surface temperature at the time of collection 

 was 25°C. No food or algae was added to these 

 cultures. Erythromycin gluceptate was added to 

 a concentration of 9 mg/liter before intro- 

 duction of the eggs. The beakers were con- 

 tinuously illuminated with fluorescent lights. 



Eggs and larvae were pipetted from these 

 cultures, which were terminated on the sixth day 

 after hatching. Larvae were immobilized in a 

 refrigerator (ca. lO^C) before preservation in 2.5% 

 buffered formaldehyde. This practice resulted in 

 fewer distorted and curled larvae than did placing 

 them directly in preservative. 



All measurements and counts were made with 

 a microscope equipped with an ocular micrometer. 

 At the usual magnification (50 x) the precision 

 of measurement is ± 0.02 mm. Illustrations are 

 camera lucida drawings, subsequently inked, by 

 B. Sumida. Owing to rapid loss of certain 

 pigments after preservation, a size series of larvae 

 was microphotographed with color film for sub- 

 sequent reference. 



Illustrations of early larvae (day 6 and younger) 

 show pigment patterns observed in live larvae. 

 Pigment patterns retained after preservation are 

 so noted in the text. Pigments stabilized in 

 older larvae so that differences between live and 

 dead larvae became much less pronounced with 

 age. Illustrations of these larger larvae (day 8 

 and older) were made from preserved specimens. 



DEFINITIONS, MERISTICS AND 

 MORPHOMETRICS 



Body depth At insertion of pectoral fin. (Prior 



to pectoral bud formation, taken through 



shoulder.) 

 Dorsum Region dorsal to medial horizontal 



line through body. 

 Eye diameter Horizontal diameter of orbit. 

 Head length Tip of snout to posterior margin 



of operculum. 

 Larva Larva after yolk absorption completed 



and prior to metamorphosis when scales and 



lateral line develop. (All of our specimens were 



larvae based on this definition.) 



Lateral line streak Dashed line of pigment along 

 the lateral midline of body. 



Snout to anus length Tip of snout to vertical 

 from anus. 



Standard length (SL) Prior to notochord flexion 

 and formation of hypural bones, SL taken from 

 snout to tip of notochord. Thereafter, taken 

 to posterior margin of hypural plate. SL = 

 mean standard length. Deviations from means 

 are standard deviations. All length measure- 

 ments were made on preserved specimens, 

 except where noted. 



Ventrum Region ventral to medial horizontal 

 line through body exclusive of abdominal area; 

 generally area inclusive of hypomeres. 



Yolk sac larva Larva from hatching to approxi- 

 mately the third day when yolk absorption 

 was nearly complete. 



DEVELOPMENT OF THE EGG 



Because the development of the omaka egg 

 proceeds rapidly in discrete stages, we have 

 chosen to summarize it as follows: 

 Early stage 



Blastodisc stage to blastopore closure (fertiliza- 

 tion to blastopore closure) (Figure lA). 

 Egg size: 



(diameter) Live: 722 ± 19 m. 

 Preserved: 722 ± 19 m- 



Figure 1A.— Ventral view of early stage egg oi Caranx mate. 

 BP = blastopore. 



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