the evidence leaves little doubt that oil poses a 

 serious hazard to living marine resources, that 

 spills and chronic pollution have happened and 

 will continue to occur, and that the interests of the 

 marine environment are best preserved if marine 

 transportation of oil and petroleum products is 

 minimized. The continuing need for new sources 

 and increased amounts of energy, however, limits 

 many of the conservative and prudent alterna- 

 tives to these hazards. Until research has provided 

 conclusive data, policy makers must continue to 

 rely on these interpretative judgments for much 

 of their guidance in making decisions that can 

 profoundly affect the well being of marine 

 ecosystems. 



ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 



We received much counsel in the preparation of 

 the report from Jack E. Bailey, Theodore R. Mer- 

 rell, Jr., Richard T. Myren, and Bruce L. Wing, 

 biologists of the Auke Bay Fisheries Laboratory, 

 NMFS, NOAA; and Robert C. Clark, Jr., of the 

 Northwest Fisheries Center, NMFS, NOAA, Seat- 

 tle, Wash. 



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