MUSICK: SEASONAL DISTRIBUTION OF SIBLING HAKES 



These strata are dominated by rock or gravel 

 bottoms (Fritz, 1965, Plate B). Storer (1858), 

 Goode (1884), Hildebrand and Schroeder (1928), 

 and Bigelow and Schroeder (1939) noted the 

 association of U. chuss, U. tenuis, or both with 

 mud bottoms. Bigelow and Welsh (1925) reported 

 that both species dwelled over soft bottoms (silt, 

 sand, or mud) but that the U. tenuis was more 

 strictly a "mud fish" than the U. chuss. The Alba- 

 tross IV data appear to agree with the last state- 

 ment, because the regions where U. tenuis 

 occurred most commonly are dominated by muddy 

 or silty substrates — the northeastern Gulf of 

 Maine, the central basins of the Gulf, and along 

 the continental slope on Georges Bank and south- 

 west. However, these areas are also cooler during 

 the summer, and the correlation between U. 

 tenuis abundance and mud bottoms (rather than 

 sand) may be an artifact. Urophycis chuss were 

 abundant over mud or sand or both depending on 

 season, because the deeper strata were covered 

 with muddy substrates whereas the shallower 

 strata in the southwest Gulf of Maine and off 

 southern New England were covered with sand 

 (Fritz, 1965, Plate B). 



ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 



Thanks are due to R. L. Edwards and M. D. 

 Grosslein of the National Marine Fisheries Ser- 

 vice (NMFS) Laboratory, Woods Hole, Mass., for 

 providing ship time, research space, and scientific 

 direction during the course of my study. A. C. 

 Kohler of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada 

 Laboratory, St. Andrews, New Brunswick, pro- 

 vided me with specimens from the Gulf of St. 

 Lawrence. G. Jonsson of the Hafrannsoknastof- 

 nunin Marine Research Institute, Reykjavik, sent 

 me material from Iceland and D. M. Cohen of the 

 NMFS Systematics Laboratory, Smithsonian In- 

 stitution, allowed me to examine hake from 

 Florida. Also, I wish to thank my students at the 

 Virginia Institute of Marine Science — J. D. 

 McEachran, K. Able, and C. Wenner — for col- 

 lecting data for me on Urophycis while pursuing 

 their own research at sea, and to G. W. Mead 

 formerly of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, 

 Harvard University, for thoroughly editing the 

 early drafts of the dissertation from which parts 

 of the present paper have been extracted. My 

 research was supported in part by National 

 Science Foundation grants G-19727 and GB-3167 



to the Harvard Committee on Evolutionary 

 Biology (Principal Investigator, Reed C. Rollins) 

 and a Grant-in-Aid from the Sigma Xi - RESA 

 Committee. 



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493 



