FISHERY BUllFTIN: VOL. 72. NO. 2 



no longer view the adult myctophines as being 

 more "primitive" than the adult lampanyctines. 

 We feel that the adults of both subfamilies are 

 equally specialized and that these specializations 

 are basically related to their particular habitat. 

 In summary, thorough study of the larvae of a 

 teleost family such as the Myctophidae can be 

 most helpful in species validation, in analyzing 

 affinities at all taxon levels, and in assessing 

 phylogenetic lineages. Also, the above discussion 

 would indicate that larval studies can provide in- 

 teresting insights into the major directions of 

 evolution within a family offish. 



ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 



George Mattson executed 15 of the illustrations 

 (Figures IE, 4A, 5A and D, 8A-D, lOA, B, and D, 

 llA and E, and 12A and E) and we thank him for 

 his efforts. The remaining illustrations were made 

 by one of us (H. G. Moser). Larval specimens came 

 from a variety of sources and we are especially 

 indebted to the following persons for their gener- 

 ous provision of material: E. Bertelsen and J. 

 Nielsen, Zoological Museum, Copenhagen; N. B. 

 Marshall and A. Wheeler, British Museum; W. 

 Nellen, Institute fiir meereskunde, Kiel, Ger- 

 many; R. McGinnis and B. Nafpaktitis, Univer- 

 sity of Southern California (USC); R. J. Laven- 

 berg, Los Angeles County Museum; R. Rosenblatt 

 and R. Wisner, Scripps Institution of Oceanog- 

 raphy (SIO); T. Clarke and J. Miller, University of 

 Hawaii; W. Freihofer, California Academy of Sci- 

 ences. We would like to thank B. Nafpaktitis and 

 R. McGinnis, USC; R. Wisner, SIO; J. Paxton, 

 Australian Museum, Sydney; and G. Krefft, 

 Fisheries Institute, Hamburg, Germany, for shar- 

 ing their vast knowledge of lanternfishes with us 

 in numerous discussions. Discussions with N. B. 

 Marshall, British Museum; B. Robison, Stanford 

 University; and A. Kendall, Middle Atlantic 

 Coastal Fisheries Center, National Marine 

 Fisheries Service (NMFS), Sandy Hook, have been 

 helpful in stimulating some of the ideas put forth 

 herein. We appreciate the able technical assis- 

 tance of Elaine Sandknop, Elizabeth Stevens, and 

 Patricia Lowery, Southwest Fisheries Center La 

 Jolla Laboratory, NMFS. Kenneth Raymond 

 kindly lettered the illustrations. 



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