110 CELLARIID.E. 



Zoarium dichotomously branched, internodes long and 

 stout, cylindrical, sliglitly thickened towards the top, 

 the extremities rounded. Zocecia lozenge-shaped or 

 hexagonal, or arched above and tapering off below; 

 area finely dotted, walls minutely granular ; orifice 

 arched above, placed almost at the top of the area, with 

 a much-raised lower lip, which forms a broad and pro- 

 minent plate in front, Aviculm-ia at the top of a cell, 

 often set obliquely, with a triangular mandible pointing 

 downwards. Ovarian opening at the very top of the 

 area, elongated transversely, with a broad tooth on the 

 lower margin. 



Habitat. Attached to stones, &c., from deep water and 

 the Coralline ground to shallow water. 



Localities. Belfast and Dublin Bays (W. T.) : South 

 Devon ; abundant on the Brixham trawling-grounds ; Sal- 

 combe Bay, &c. ; Cornwall (T. H.) : Northumberland, 

 off Whitburn, in about 20 fathoms (Alder) : Shetland, 

 40-70 fathoms (A. M. N.). 



Range in Time. Crag (Busk) : Italian Pliocene ; 

 Quaternary, Livorno (Manzoni) : near Mt. Gambler, 

 South Australia, in Tertiary strata corresponding to the 

 English Crag (Rev. J. E. Woods). 



The characters which distinguish this species from the 

 preceding are the much stouter habit and larger size, the 

 shape of the avicularium, the position of the aperture in 

 the upper part of the area and its raised and prominent 

 lower lip, and the form of the ovarian opening. 



the area, and its produced lower lip, and the shape of the oyarian and avicu- 

 larian openings are all distinctive features of the present form. The author 

 seems to have formed an imperfect conception of the group of characters by 

 which C. sinuosa is distinguislied from the last named species ; for he speaks 

 of it as a very trifling variety (" una ben leggera var. di S.farcimitwides"). 

 In point of fact they differ in almost every important element of strueturo, 

 as well as in habit. 



