SCHIZOPORELLA SANGUINEA. 253 



•vvitli subacute mandible, on eacb side of the aperture 

 at the very top of the cell, and others distributed over 

 the zoarium. Ocecia subglobose, tumid, punctured, 

 and nodulous. 

 Colonies incrusting, or "rising in frill-formed, free expan- 

 sions, consisting of a single series of cells " [Norman] ; 

 or "in tubiform convolutions" [Smitt] ; shining, and 

 of a deep red colour. 



Range of Variation. S. sanguinea is often strongly cal- 

 cified, and it changes much in appearance according to 

 the degree in which the stony crust is developed. The 

 habit of growth is also variable to some extent ; and though 

 it commonly takes the form of a spreading crust, it also 

 rises at times into free expansions, consisting of a single 

 layer of cells. The detachment and upward growth of 

 the cellular lamina, unaccompanied by any change in the 

 plan of budding and the structural composition of the 

 zoarium, is a very trivial variation ; and the genus Heni- 

 eschara, which is based on this character, has certainly 

 no claim to stand. 



The avicularia in this species, according to Prof. Smitt, 

 are variable in position, number, and size; in their most nor- 

 mal arrangement, he says, they are placed one on each side 

 of the orifice. They are often either wanting altogether, 

 or are overgrown and concealed by the calcareous crust. 



I have a Mediterranean form which agrees closely with 

 the present, but has three small avicularia, placed in a line 

 below the orifice, with a rounded mandible. 



Habitat. On shells and stones, &c., in rather deep water. 



Localities. Off Fermain Bay, Guernsey, on shells and 

 Eschara (A. M. N.) : on stones, Cornwall, deep water 

 (T. H.). 



Geographical Distribution. Florida, south-west of Tor- 

 tugas, in 60 fathoms (Pom-tales) : Naples (A. W. Waters) . 



