376 ESCHARID^. 



(Liitkeu) : NovaZembla^ 10-50 fathoms ; Kara sea (Stux- 

 berg and Theel) . 



Range in Time. Pliocene deposits^ near Reggio, in 

 Calabria ; older Pliocene, Castrocaro ; Middle Miocene 

 (Manzoni) : Austro-Hungarian Miocene (Reuss). Var. 

 mamiUata. Crag (S. Wood) : Quaternary deposit at Li- 

 vorno (Manzoni) . 



MUCRONELLA PAVONELLA, Alder. 



Plate XXXIX. figs. 8-10. 



EscHARA PAVONELLA, Alder, Quart. Journ. Micr. Sc. n. s. iv. 12. 

 EscHARA CRiBRARiA, Busk, Quart. Journ. Micr. Sc. iv. 311, pi. xii. figs. 1-3. 

 DiscoPORA PAVONELLA, Smitt, (Efv. K. Vct.-Ak. Forh. 1867, Bihang, 28 and 

 178, pi. xxvii. fig. 181. 



Zoarium foliaceous, forming fan-shaped or undulating 

 expansions, which rise from an incrusting or clasping 

 base, or simply adnate, forming large circular patches. 

 Zooecia large, rather broadly ovate, quincuncial, mode- 

 rately convex, somewhat elevated towards the upper 

 extremity, and depressed below, strongly areolated 

 round the margin, and with ribs radiating towards the 

 centre ; surface slightly roughened ; orifice very ample, 

 orbicular, with a small blunt tooth on the lower margin; 

 peristome thin and not raised ; on each side of the 

 orifice, about the middle, an oval avicularium,', mandible 

 rounded and pointing upwards. Ooecia (?) . 



Height of the erect form about 1^ inch; breadth gene- 

 rally exceeding the height. 



Habitat. On stems of zoophytes, Ascidians, tubes of an- 

 nelids, shells, &c., from moderate depths to deep water. 



Localities. Cullercoats (Alder) : coast of Northumber- 

 land, deep water (A. Hancock) : Scarborough (Bean) : 

 Dogger bank, on mussel (T. H.). 



