DAVY: REVIEW OF LANTERNFISH GENUS Taamnguhthys 



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Figure 4. — Taaningichthys pmirolychnus, new species, holotype, 67 mm, SIO 70-19. 



Dn absent; a very small oval Vn, visible in 

 young individuals and masked by darkly pig- 

 mented tissue in adults. Position of PVOi far- 

 ther forward than in T. minimus, a line through 

 PVOi and PVO2 passing behind PLO; PVO, mid- 

 way between upper end of base of pectoral fin and 

 ventral margin of body; PVO2 midway between 

 PVOi and upper end of base of pectoral fin. 

 PLO varying in position, usually closer to hor- 

 izontal septum than upper end of base of pec- 

 toral fin. PO 5-6. VLO above base of pelvic fins, 

 closer to horizontal septum than ventral margin 

 of body. VO level. SAO 1-2 photophore dia- 

 meters below horizontal septum, directly above 

 or slightly behind urogenital papilla. AO level; 

 AOp over anterior end of infracaudal gland. 

 Pol position variable, generally midway be- 

 tween anterior end of infracaudal gland and end 

 of base of anal fin (always well behind base of 

 adipose fin), and one photophore diameter or 

 less below horizontal septum. Prci and Prc2 

 level; Prcs at horizontal septum. Secondary 

 photophores present on snout and rays of caudal 

 fin. 



Length of supracaudal luminous gland 1.5-2 

 in length of infracaudal; sexual dimorphism not 

 apparent ; both glands undivided and surround- 

 ed by dark pigment. 



Mesopterygoid teeth rather sparsely distrib- 

 uted. Single row of needlelike teeth on palatines. 

 No vomerine teeth. Both jaws with needlelike 

 teeth which bend medially (those on the anterior- 

 most premaxillary somewhat longer). Several 

 broad-based, anteriorly hooked teeth on posterior 



medial surface of dentary (not as many as in 

 T. minimus). Two to three pairs of similar 

 teeth projecting forward and laterally on sym- 

 physial area of premaxillary. 



Taaningichthys bathyphilus is the intermedi- 

 ate of the three species in terms of depth of 

 occurrence, photophore development and size. 

 It does not seem to grow larger than about 

 80 mm. 



Of the specimens examined, only one gravid 

 female (57 mm) was found which had been cap- 

 tured in late June. 



Horizontal distribution — T. bathyphilus oc- 

 curs circumglobally within a broad zone between 

 lat 41° N and 67°31' S (Figure 5). It appears 

 to be more common or, perhaps, more easily cap- 

 tured than its two congeners. 



Vertical distribution — The shallowest depth 

 of capture for T. bathyphilus is 580 m (a ju- 

 venile male, 32 mm). An adult female, 65-mm 

 long, was captured at a depth of 675 m. Mem- 

 bers of this species have not been taken above 

 these depths. The maximum depth of occur- 

 rence is not yet known. T. bathyphilus does not 

 appear to perform daily vertical migrations. 



Taaningichthys paurolychnus, NEW SPECIES 

 Figure 4 



Holotype: 1 (67 mm), 17 Dec. 1969, 31° N, 

 119° W, Scripps Institution of Oceanography. 



Paratypes: 1 (68 mm), 22 Nov. 1969, 17° 

 47' N, 25°22' W, National Institute of Ocean- 

 ography; 1 (87 mm), 13 Sept. 1968, 17° S, 



71 



