FISHERY BULLETIN: VOL. 70, NO. 2 



brief description of the biggest four indicates 

 the magnitude of large company operations 

 (data are mostly for 1968 and do not include 

 their subsidiary companies): 



Taiyo Gyog>'0 Company, Ltd. 



In addition to fishing, fish processing, and mar- 

 keting, engaged in a wide variety of other ac- 

 tivities. 

 Gross sales $472 million. 



Number of employees 10,890 including 6,880 aboard 



ships. 

 Number of vessels 486, with a combined gross 



tonnage of 225,000. 

 Major fishing acti- Whaling, the mothership 

 vities salmon fishery, the mother- 



ship trawl fishery, trawl 

 fisheries in distant waters 

 (including the Bering Sea 

 and northeast Pacific) and 

 the East China Sea, over- 

 seas shrimp ventures, and 

 others. 



Nippon Suisan Company Ltd. 



In addition to fishing and fish processing, a sub- 

 stantial interest in transport business, with four 

 large vessels carrying oil and ore. 

 Gross sales $195 million. 



Number of employees 7,959 including 3,960 aboard 



ships. 

 Number of vessels 131, with a combined gross 



tonnage of 396,000. 

 Major fishing acti- Whaling, trawl fisheries in 

 vities distant waters (including 



the Bering Sea and north- 

 east Pacific) and the East 

 China Sea, the mothership 

 trawl fishery, the mother- 

 ship salmon fishery, the 

 mothership crab fishery, 

 overseas shrimp ventures, 

 and others. 



Nichiro Gyogyo Company, Ltd. 



Before the war, the company monopolized Japanese 

 salmon fishing from the Russian territory. Now 

 engaged in diversified activities. 

 Gross sales $155 million. 



Number of employees 5,800 including 3,190 aboard 



ships. 

 Number of vessels 113, with a combined gross 



tonnage of 98,000. 

 Major fishing acti- The mothership salmon fish- 

 v^^i^s ery, the mothership crab 



fishery, the mothership 

 trawl fishery, trawl fisher- 

 ies in distant waters (in- 

 cluding the Bering Sea and 



northeast Pacific), overseas 

 shrimp ventures, tuna fish- 

 eries, and others. 



Kyokuyo Hogei Company, Ltd. 



Started as a whaling company but has since diver- 

 sified its activities. 



Gross sales $85 million. 



Number of employees 3,640 including 1,810 aboard 



ships. 



Number of vessels 48, with a combined gross ton- 



nage of 100,000. 



Major fishing acti- Whaling, the mothership 

 vities salmon fishery, trawl fish- 



eries in distant waters (in- 

 cluding the Bering Sea and 

 northeast Pacific) , overseas 

 shrimp ventures, the tuna 

 longline fishery, crab fish- 

 ing, and others. 



Among these four companies, they own prac- 

 tically the entire whaling business excepting 

 minor operations by two small companies, 8 out 

 of 11 salmon motherships,-"" roughly two-thirds 

 of the crab fisheries in the eastern Bering Sea, 

 three-quarters of the mothership crab fishery in 

 west Kamchatka, some 80 Sr of the Bering Sea 

 mothership trawl fishery, most of the large stern 

 trawlers operating in the North Pacific, West 

 Africa, and other distant waters, as well as much 

 of the shrimp ventures abroad. It means that 

 the government can handle the industry aspects 

 of most of the international problems concerning 

 these fisheries by communicating with these and 

 a few other companies (some of them subsidiar- 

 ies of the big ones) . The government sometimes 

 has forced them to conduct joint operations. 

 Thus, one of the two mothership crab fleets fish- 

 ing in the eastern Bering Sea is managed jointly 

 by four companies, the other by five companies. 

 Representatives of these companies, particularly 

 the first three, often participate in international 

 negotiations. 



The structure of fishery trade associations in 

 Japan is rather complicated. The following is 

 a brief description of some of the associations 

 concerned with international aspects of Japa- 

 nese fisheries: 



"" Salmon catcher boats are largely owned by small 

 companies and individual vessel owners. 



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