MOSER and AHLSTROM: DEVELOPMENT OF SCOPEWPSIS MULTIPUNCTATUS 



by enhancement of selected photophores of this 

 species. Such a mechanism for the evolution of 

 photophore pattern seems much less cumbersome 

 than the theory of upward migration of photo- 

 phores from the ventral series. The minor up- 

 ward displacement of some ventral photophores 

 may be a plausible explanation for the slightly 

 arched AO and VO rows found in some myctoph- 

 ids but, for reasons outlined above, we find it 

 improbable that such a mechanism could be re- 

 sponsible for the profoundly diverse photophore 

 patterns of contemporary lanternfishes. 



ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 



Much of the background and many of the spe- 

 cimens for this study were obtained during a re- 

 search leave spent at the Zoological Museum, 

 Copenhagen and the British Museum (Natural 

 History) , London. We would like to thank Dr. 

 E. Bertelsen, Marine Biological Laboratory, 

 Charlottenlund, Denmark, and Dr. Jorgen Niel- 

 sen, Zoological Museum, Copenhagen, for the op- 

 portunity to examine the specimens of the Danish 

 Oceanographic Expeditions, Dr. N. B. Marshall 

 provided specimens of the Discovery expeditions 

 and working space at the British Museum. Other 

 essential Discovery specimens were made avail- 

 able by Drs. Peter M. David, National Institute 

 of Oceanography, Wormley, England, and N. A. 

 Macintosh, Whale Research Unit, British Mu- 

 seum. Drs. Richard McGinnis and Basil Naf- 

 paktitis. University of Southern California, pro- 

 vided specimens from the cruises of the U.S. NS 

 Eltanin as well as data from their extensive 

 studies on lanternfish. Mr. Robert Wisner, 

 Scripps Institution of Oceanography, furnished 

 specimens of Scopelopsis Tnultipimctatus and 

 unpublished data on that species. Dr. Walter 

 Nellen, Institiit fiir Meereskunde, Kiel, provided 

 specimens of Ceratoscopelus maderensis, and Dr. 

 John M. Miller, Hawaii Institute of Marine Bi- 

 ology, provided specimens of Taaningichthys 

 mininms. Technical assistance during this study 

 was provided by Elaine Sandknop and Elizabeth 

 Stevens, National Marine Fisheries Service, La 



Jolla, Calif. Figure 4 was prepared by Kenneth 

 Raymond, the remaining illustrations by the 

 senior author, 



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