FISHERY BULLETIN: VOL. 70, NO. 3 



limitations, but a combination of methods, such 

 as those outlined here, can lead to better under- 

 standing of the obligatory nature of schooling 

 and its role, in vital life processes of individuals 

 and dynamics of the population. 



EPILOGUE 



This study was planned and most of the tab- 

 ulations of data and writing completed before I 

 left the Menhaden Program in 1964, but because 

 of the press of other duties, I was unable to ful- 

 fill an obligation to finish the work earlier. My 

 resolve to complete it at this time was renewed 

 when I received Dr. Reuben Lasker's letter to 

 former associates of Dr. Elton Sette soliciting 

 papers to be included in this dedicatory issue of 

 the Fishery Bulletin. 



Some of the ideas contained in this study were 

 inspired by Dr. Sette's papers dealing with the 

 Atlantic mackerel and the Pacific sardine and 

 from my discussions with him of apparent simi- 

 larities in the behavior and biology of the At- 

 lantic menhaden and the Pacific sardine. It in- 

 deed is a privilege for me to acknowledge, in this 

 place, my appreciation of Elton's influence on my 

 concept of the disicplines of fishery biology, his 

 sharing of an interest and enthusiasm for trop- 

 ical botany and color photography, and lastly his 

 challenging opposition on the tennis court. 



ACKNOWLEDGMENT 



I wish to thank Mary K. Hancock, who com- 

 piled the menhaden vessel logbook records and 

 assisted in processing the basic catch-sample 

 data used in this study. 



LITERATURE CITED 



Breder, C. M., Jr. 



1959. Studies on social groupings in fishes. Bull. 

 Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. 117:393-482. 



Broadhead, G. C, and C. J. Orange. 



1960. Species and size relationships within schools 

 of yellowfin and skipjack tuna, as indicated by 

 catches in the Eastern Tropical Pacific Ocean. 

 [In English and Spanish.] Inter-Am. Trop. Tuna 

 Comm., Bull. 4:447-492. 



Brock, V. E. 



1954. Some aspects of the biology of the aku. 



Katsuwonus pelamis, in the Hawaiian Islands. 

 Pac. Sci. 8:94-104. 



1962. On the nature of the selective fishing action 

 of longline gear. Pac. Sci. 16:3-14. 



Cheek, R. P., L. C. Coston, R. L. Kroger, E. J. Levi, 

 R. O. Parker, Jr., and G. B. Seka\tc. 



1970. Mark-recapture of Atlantic menhaden. In 

 Research in fiscal year 1969 at the Bureau of 

 Commercial Fisheries Biological Laboratory, 

 Beaufort, N.C., p. 30-34. U.S. Fish Wildl. Serv., 

 Circ. 350. 



June, F. C. 



1963. The menhaden fishery. In M. E. Stansby 

 (editor) , Industrial fishery technology, p. 146-159. 

 Reinhold Publishing Corp., N.Y. 



June, F. C, and J. L. Chamberlin. 



1959. The role of the estuary in the life history 

 and biology of Atlantic menhaden. Proc. Gulf 

 Caribb. Fish. Inst. 11th Annu. Sess., p. 41-45. 



June, F. C, and W. R. Nicholson. 



1964. Age and size composition of the menhaden 

 catch along the Atlantic Coast of the United 

 States, 1958, with a brief review of the commercial 

 fishery. U.S. Fish Wildl. Serv., Spec. Sci. Rep. 

 Fish. 446, 40 p. 



June, F. C, and J. W. Reintjes. 



1959. Age and size composition of the menhaden 

 catch along the Atlantic Coast of the United 

 States, 1952-55, with a brief review of the com- 

 mercial fishery. U.S. Fish Wildl. Serv., Spec. 

 Sci. Rep. Fish. 317, 65 p. 



Kroger, R. L., R. L. Dryfoos, and G. R. Huntsman. 



1971. Movement of juvenile Atlantic menhaden 

 tagged in New England waters. Chesapeake Sci. 

 12:114-115. 



Love, R. H. 



1971. Measurements of fish target strength : A re- 

 view. Fish Bull., U.S. 69:703-715. 

 McClendon, R. I. 



1968. Detection of fish schools by sonar (eastern 

 tropical Pacific, July-November 1967). Commer. 

 Fish. Rev. 30(4) :26-29. 



Nicholson, W. R. 



1971a. Coastal movements of Atlantic menhaden 

 as inferred from changes in age and length dis- 

 tributions. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 100:708-716. 

 1971b. Changes in catch and effort in the Atlantic 

 menhaden purse-seine fishery 1940-68. Fish. Bull., 

 U.S. 69:765-781. 

 Nicholson, W. R., and J. R. Higham, Jr. 



1964. Age and size composition of the menhaden 

 catch along the Atlantic Coast of the United 

 States, 1959, with a brief review of the commer- 

 cial fishery. U.S. Fish Wildl. Serv., Spec. Sci. 

 Rep. Fish. 478, 34 p. 

 Orange, C. J., M. B. Schaefer, and F. M, Larmie. 



1957. Schooling habits of yellowfin tuna (Neothun- 

 niis macropo terns) and skipjack (Katsuwonus 



712 



