568 THE MICROSCOPE. 



is deposited previous to boiling. A pint of the fluid 

 contains about a quarter of a pound of salt, and this con- 

 centrated solution destroys most other njarine animals." 

 During the fine days in summer Artemice may be observed 

 in immense numbers near the surface of the water, and, as 

 they are frequently of a lively red colour, the water appears 

 tinged with the same hue. 1 There is nothing more elegant 

 than the form of this little animal. Its movements are 

 peculiar. It swims almost always on its back, and by means 

 of its tail it runs in all directions, its feet being in constant 

 motion. They are both oviparous and ovoviviparous, accord- 

 ing to the sea*on of the year. At certain periods they only 

 lay eggs, while during the hot summer months they pro- 

 duce their young alive. In about fifteen days the eg£.'s are 

 expelled in numbers varying from 50 to 150. As is the 

 case with many of the Entomostraca, the joung present a 

 very different appearance from the ad nit animals ; and 

 they are so exactly like the young of Chirocephalus, that w ith 

 difficulty they can be distinguished the one from the other. 

 The ova of other species are furnished with thick cap- 

 sules, and imbedded in a dark opaque substance, presenting 

 a minutely cellular appearance, and occupying the inter- 

 space between the body of the animal and the back of the 

 shell. This is called the epbippiuni. 2 The shell is often 

 beautifully transparent, sometimes spotted with pigment : 

 it consists of a substance known as chitine, impregnated 

 w r ith a variable amount of carbonate of lime, which pro- 

 duces a copious effervescence on the addition of a small 

 quantity of acid, and when boiled it turns red, like the 

 lobster. Their shells vary in structure. Sometimes they 

 consist of two valves united at the back, and resembling 



(1) It is a curious fact that salt-water when highly concentrated frequently 

 assumes a red colour, and that this should ha\e been attributed to the presence 

 of the Artcmui saliva, as in the case ol lush Water ooticed elsewhere found 

 coloured red by a species of Paramaicivm. The cause ol this red colour, which 

 was well known to take place in the salt marshes and reservoirs of salt water 

 at Montpellier, was made the subject of a very grave discussion in Fiance. 

 Some maintained that the colour was caused by the presence ot Artemia; while 

 others declared that it arose from vegetable mailer, either Havuitrntoccus or 

 Protococcvs. M. Joly, came to the conclusion, attei many careful examinations, 

 that the red colour depends upon the presence ol myriads of monads, and that 

 the Arlemia> living upon these partook of the same red hue, and thus the water 

 appeared to be of the same colour. 



(2) See paper ou "Reproduction in D«j /<><,.«, " by Sir John Lubbock, PhUos, 

 Tram. 1857, p. 79. 



