G52 THE MICROSCOPE. 



able that only the female insects yield a good colouring 

 matter. 



Of all the secretions peculiar to insects, silk may well 

 be regarded as the most valuable, since it has become as 

 much an essential to the purposes of mankind as to the 

 economy of its producers. The fluid, before it comes in 

 contact with the air, is viscous and transparent in the young 

 larva, but thick and opaque in the more mature. It is found, 

 by chemical analysis, to be chiefly composed of Bombic 

 acid, a gummy matter, a portion of a substance resembling 

 wax, and a little colouring matter. Silk may be placed in 

 boiling water without undergoing any change ; the strongest 

 acids are required to dissolve it; and it has never yet been 

 imitated artificially. More than 500,000 human beings 

 derive their sole support from the culture and manufacture 

 of silk ; and the importance of the Silkworm to Great 

 Britain alone is represented by the large sum of 16,500,000^. 

 annually. Then we have large sums of money changing 

 hands from the labours of the useful little Bee ; tons' 

 weight of honey and wax are yearly consumed ; England 

 pays more than 50,000£. for foreign honey and wax, in 

 addition to her own valuable produce. A great variety of 

 scents, which from their agreeable odours are much used in 

 perfumery, are manufactured from insects. The Spanish 

 Fly is an indispensable article in the treatment of certain 

 forms of disease ; and that invaluable agent, Chloroform, 

 was first made from formic acid ; an acid discovered in the 

 Formic ant, and from which it has derived its name. 

 Then there are Gall-nuts, produced by a small fly, for which 

 a substitute could not be found in dyeing and ink-making. 



" Much more extensive and important than any of the 

 foregoing, but, as less palpable, even more disregarded, are 

 the general uses of insect existence. Disease, engendered 

 of corruption in substances animal and vegetable, would 

 defy all the precautions of man, unless these were aided 

 by scavenger- insects, those myriads of flies and carrion 

 beetles, whose perpetual labours, even in our tempered 

 climate — but infinitely more so in warmer regions — are 

 essentially important to cleanliness and health. 



" A use of this nature, and one performed perhaps to an 

 9xtent we little think of is the purification of standing 



