PLATE 2.— Adulterations. 



13. 

 14. 



15. 

 16. 



17. 



18. 

 19. 



4. 



5. 



6. 



7. 

 8. 



2 CO 



• -< a 

 9. Os 



10. 



11. 



12. 



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t3 O 

 C '-0 



ft « 



T! O 



H 



rTea. a, point of leaf; b, under surface, with stomata and hairs ; c, epi- 

 dermis of midrib with raphides ; d, sclerogen cell from inside the 

 leaf. 



( Sloe, a, point of leaf ; b, upper surface, showing hairs and striated 

 parenchyma. 



Elder, a, point of leaf ; b, upper surface ; c , under surface of leaf, with 

 sinuous striated cells and glandular hairs. 



Cocoa, a, epidermis of husk ; 6, cells containing mucilage and raphides ; 

 c, hexagonal cells beneath the mucilage layer ; d, parenchymatous 

 granular cells, forming the inner layer of husk ; e, endosperm-cells 

 containing starch -grains. 



/^Coffee. a, prosenchymatous cells of investing membrane of berry ; 

 b, thick-walled cells of endosperm, containing oil-globules. 



Chicory, a, laticiferous vessels ; b, pitted tissue ; c, cellular tissue. 



Acorns, a, portion of husk ; b, cells of endosperm filled with starch. 



<I Carob or locust-beans, a, b, characteristic tissues in pod ; c, wedge- 

 shaped, and d, sphserenchymatous cells of bean containing dark nuclei. 



Date-stones. Sclerogen-cells of albumen. 



i Figs, a, laticiferous tissue ; 6, cellular tissue ; c, a hair ; d, woody 

 L tissue ; e, sphajraphides ; /, characteristic tissue in fig-seed. 



Mustard, a, b, o, tissues in the husk ; d, substance of the seed con- 

 sisting of granular matter and oil-globules. 



r Pepper, o, b, c, characteristic tissues in the husk ; d, cells containing 

 starch-granules. 



Cayenne Pepper, a, very characteristic tissue ; b, skin. 



Linseed, a, epidermis ; b, c, second and third tissues ; d, endosperm 

 with oil-globules. 



Rice-husk, a, chief tissue of husk ; b, the same broken up. 



f Tobacco. Epidermis of under surface of leaf, with glandular hairs. 



Dock. Epidermis of under surface of midrib, showing unicellular twisted 

 hairs. 



Rhubarb. Epidermis of leaf, showing short unicellular pitted hairs. 



Coltsfoot. Epidermis of leaf, showing peculiar jointed hairs with long 

 whip-like appendages. 



k 



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