ENDICTYA. 



[ 228 ] 



ENDOSMOSE. 



E. paradoxum (PI. 14. fig. 10). Aquatic; 

 length of fmstules 1-1560 to 1-600". 



Kiitzing describes two other species, — 

 E. ccespitosum and E. prostratum, — which 

 are probably varieties only of the above. 



The Rev. Mr. Berkeley directs attention to 

 the rows of eggs of an insect, immersed in 

 a gelatinous fihform sheath, closely resem- 

 bling in appearance the filaments of Encyo- 

 nema, and formerly placed among Diatomaceae 

 by Agardh and Kiitzing, under the name of 

 Gloionema paradoxum. The action of a red 

 heat or nitric acid upon the supposed frus- 

 tules would have detected this error, which 

 was, however, effected by tracing their de- 

 velopment into the larva of the insect. 



BiBL. Kiitzing, Bacill. p. 82, and Sp.Alg. 

 p. 61 ; Ralfs, Ami. Nat. Hist. 1845. xvi. 

 p. Ill; Berkeley, ibid. 1841. vii. p. 449. 



ENDICTYA, Ehr. = Coscinodiscus in 

 part. E. oceanica = C. oceanicus, K. 



ENDOCARPEiE.— A family of Angio- 

 carpous or closed-fruited Lichens, charac- 

 terized by closed apothecia imbedded in the 

 thallus, tjursting by a distinct, regular, pro- 

 minent pore (ostiole). 



Synopsis of British Genera. 



I. Endocarpon. Thallus crustaceous or 

 cartilaginous, often lobed or foliaceous, hori- 

 zontal. Apothecia enclosed in the thallus, 

 globose ; nucleus gelatinous, dehquescing ; 

 thallodal perithecium membranous, pale and 

 thin; pore prominent. 



II. Sagedia. Thallus somewhat crusta- 

 ceous, horizontal. Apothecia enclosed within 

 the thallus, globose; nucleus gelatinous, 

 deliquescent ; perithecium membranous, 

 thin, at length becoming black ; pore distinct, 

 attenuated into a slender neck, dilated at 

 the apex, perforated. 



III. Chiodecton. Thallus crustaceous. 

 Apothecia w^art-shaped, formed of the erum- 

 pent medullary layer, pulverulent ; nuclei 

 numerous, aggregated and immersed in the 

 thallodal warts, waxy-gelatinous, supported 

 on vertical processes or divisions of an opake 

 blackish-brown torus ; pores somewhat disk- 

 shaped, distinct, prominent, not perforated. 



IV. Pertusaria. Thallus cartilaginous, 

 membranous, spreading, adnate, uniform. 

 Apothecia wart-shaped, normally covered by 

 the cortical layer of the thallus, enclosing- 

 one or many waxy, gelatinous nuclei, enve- 

 loped by the thin, pale, membranous, thallo- 

 dal perithecium ; pore depressed, perforated. 



V. Thelotrema. Thallus crustaceo-carti- 

 laginous, spreading, adnate, reniform. Apo- 



thecia wart-shaped, formed of the thallus, 

 at first closed, afterwards margined, with 

 an open apex, enclosing a deeply sunken 

 nucleus, ultimately collapsed into a de- 

 pressed rigid disk, enveloped in a distinct 

 membranous perithecium, lacero-dehiscent 

 at the apex. 



BiBL. See the genera. 



ENDOCARPON, Hedw.— A genus of 

 Endocarpeae (Angiocarpous Lichens), with a 

 crustaceous, often lobed or foliaceous thallus, 

 some of which grow upon bark, others upon 

 damp rocks. The perithecia or conceptacles 

 are imbedded, and distinguished externally 

 merely by a slightly prominent apex, while 

 spermagonia are like'*A ise produced in the sub- 

 stance of the thallus, opening by a minute 

 pore in the surface. The perithecia are lined 

 with thecse contaimng spores which readily 

 germinate when sown. The spermagonia 

 are lined with jointed sterigmata, bearing at 

 their summits minute stick-shaped spermatia 

 (see Lichens). 



Endocarpon is interesting as ofi'ering the 

 most perfect type of the Angiocarpous Li- 

 chens. Leighton enumerates seventeen 

 British species, besides numerous varieties. 



BiBL. Leighton, Angiocarpous Lichens, 

 Ray Society, 1851. p. 10. pi. 1-6; Tulasne, 

 Ann. des Sc. nat. 3 ser. xvii. p. 90. 213. 

 pi. 10 & 12; Hook. Br.Fl. ii. pt. 1. p. 159; 

 Schffirer, Enumeratio, p. 230. pi. 9. fig. 2. 



ENDOCHROME.— This word is in ge- 

 neral use among Algologists in this country 

 and in France, whence it was derived ; and 

 it is synonymous wdth the German inhalt or 

 cell-contents, being applied to the miscella- 

 neous collection of substances and structures 

 enclosed in the cavity of a cell, that is to say, 

 within the cellulose wall. In an Alga, therefore, 

 like Zygnema for instance, it comprehends 

 the primordial utricle or layer of protoplasm 

 lining the cell-wall, together with the chloro- 

 phyll-globules or vesicles, starch-granules, 

 nucleus and liquid and granular protoplasm 

 contained in the cavity of the cell. It is 

 perhaps a useful word in roughly describing a 

 species, but is too indefinite to be admissible 

 in any accurate description of cellular struc- 

 tures ; moreover, as it is not a definite col- 

 lection of substances, nor always coloured, 

 the use of the term cell-contents is to be 

 preferred in all cases, as not indicating any 

 positive characters. 



ENDOGEN. See Monocotyledon. 



ENDOSMOSE.— This name is applied to 

 a phaenomenon which takes place when two 

 diff'erent liquids, having an attraction for each 



