CUTICLE. 



[ 179 ] 



CYATHJ^E^. 



ennial, nourished by short rachcal processes, 

 which they usually send into the interior of 

 the stems of the plants upon which they live, 

 although they sometimes affix themselves to 

 leaves also (C. Epithymum). C. Epilinum, 

 which grows in cultivated fields of flax, and 

 C. TrifoUi, parasitical on clover, twine round 

 the stems like a fine red string, and produce 

 root-processes in rows on the side next the 

 nurse-plant, never on the free side. By 

 making careful sections, it may be seen that 

 the woody structure of the roots of the para- 

 site penetrates the cambium (or even into the 

 pith) of the nurse-plant, and becomes com- 

 pletely grafted on it. In the perennial kinds 

 (C. verrucosa), the roots become imbedded 

 in the annual rings. The embrvo of Cuscuta 

 is curious, being filiform, and coiled up like 

 a watch-spring in the seed. 



BiBL. Wheeler, Phytologist, i. 753 (Nov. 

 1843); Brandt, Linncea, xxii. 81(1849); 

 Schacht, Beitrage z. Anat. und Phys. 1854. 

 p. 167. 



CUTICLE OF Animals. See Skin. 



CUTICLE OF Plants. See Epider- 



mis. 



CUTLERIA.— A genus of Cutleriaceae 

 (Fucoid Algae) represented in Britain by C. 



Fig. 151. 



multifida, which has a 

 " rooting," fan-shaped, 

 irregularly laciniated 

 frond from 2 to 8" long, 

 the lacinise riband-like, 

 between cartilaginous 

 and membranous, olive, 

 with scattered sori, bear- 

 ing on some plants 

 (which have an orange 

 tint) antheridia, and in 

 others oosporanges (fig. 

 151). 



The oosporanges (fig. 

 152) occur at the bases 

 of tufted hairs, and are 

 oblong, stalked bodies, 

 divided by perpendicu- 

 lar and transverse septa 

 into (usually) 8 cham- 

 bers, each of which gives birth to a zoospore 

 capable of germination. The antheridia occur 

 in an analogous condition on distinct plants; 

 they are more sausage-shaped, and divided 

 into a greater number of minute chambers, 

 from which the spermatozoids or anthero- 

 zoids are expelled when mature ; these have 

 never been seen to germinate. 



BiBL. Harvev, Brit. Mar. Jig. 36. pi. 6 A; 

 Phyc. Brit. pi. 75 ; Greville, Brit. Alg. pl.lO; 



Cutleria dichotoma. 



Fragment of a frond. 

 Nat. size. 



Thuret, Ann. des Sc. 

 pi. 31.xvi. 12. pi. 1; 

 ralis, pi. 25. fig. 2. 



Fig. 



nat. 3 ser. xiv. 241, 

 Kiitzing, Phyc. gene- 



152. 



'^m^ 



Cutleria dichotoma. 

 Fig. 152. Section of a lacinia of a frond, showing the 

 stalked eight-chambered oosporanges growing in tufts 

 with intercalated hairs. 



Magnified 50 diameters. 



CUTLERIACE.E.— A family of Fucoid 

 Algse. Olive-coloured inarticulate sea-weeds, 

 with the fructification consisting of stalked 

 eight-celled oosporanges and many-celled 

 antheridia, arranged in definite spots or lines 

 {sori) on the surface ; the root-like portion 

 coated with woolly fibres. Remarkable for 

 producing both zoospores, or active germina- 

 tive gonidia, and antherozoids. British 

 genus : 



Cutleria. Frond ribless, irregularly cleft. 

 Oosporanges on short stalks. Antheridia on 

 diiFerent plants, in similar situations to the 

 oosporanges. 



CUTTLE-FISH. See Sepia. 



CYATH^EiE.— AtribeofPolypodiaceous 

 Ferns, distinguished by the insertion of the 

 sporanges on a projecting axis, the annulus 

 of the sporanges being vertical (fig. 154). 



Genera. 

 A. Sori without indusia. 



I. Alsophila. Sori globose, naked, regu- 

 larly arranged. Indusium absent, Sporanges 

 inserted on a globose axis, and imbricated. 

 Veins pinnate. 



II. Trichopteris. Sori globose, naked, 

 regularly arranged, without an indusium. 



n2 



