CORALLIUM. 



[ 169 ] 



CORN. 



and similar Zoophytes (PoljiDes) ; the name 

 is still often vulgarly used in this sense. 

 Dr. Johnston (Brit. Sponges and Litho- 

 phytes) properly restricts the term to the 

 family to which the genus Corallina gives 

 the name. See CoRALLiNACEiE and Po- 



lypi. 



CORALLIUM, Lam.— A genus of Po- 

 lypes, of the order Anthozoa. 



The red coral of commerce is the internal 

 skeleton of the Cor allium rubrum, Lam. 

 (Isis nobilis, Lin.) (PI. 33. fig. 6 c). A por- 

 tion of the dried animal matter is usually 

 found adhering to its surface, and contains 

 abundance of spicula (PI. 33. fig. /)• 



The furrows seen upon the outer surface 

 of unprepared coral, are the impressions of 

 vessels which traverse the cortical substance 

 and form a medium of communication be- 

 tween the various polypes. 



The structure of coral is rather obscure. 

 The transverse section (PI. 33. fig. 8 a) ex- 

 hibits somewhat undefined lines, some of 

 which are semiconcentric with the marginal 

 furrows, and appear to be lines of growth ; 

 these are intersected by darker and naiTOwer 

 lines, apparently canals. The orifices of 

 larger canals are also visible. The longitu- 

 dinal section (PI. 33. fig. 8 b) exhibits longi- 

 tudinal lines, probably those of growth, with 

 an indistinct intermediate structure. When 

 treated with acid, the residue is soft and 

 easily folded so as to produce a lined appear- 

 ance ; and in parts the organic skeletons of 

 spicula may be distinguished. Hence it 

 probably consists of spicula, aggregated and 

 ultimately consoUdated, so that their struc- 

 ture is no longer distinguishable. 



BiBL. Cuvier, Regne Animal, dateless ed. 

 (1853?), Zoophytes, ^\. 80. 



CORDYCEPS, Fries. — See Sph^ria 

 and Claviceps. 



CORDYLOPHORA, Allman.— A genus 

 of Polypes, of the order Anthozoa. Aquatic. 



Char. Polypidom horny, branched, rooted 

 by a creeping tubular fibre; branches tubular; 

 polypes existing at the extremities of the 

 branches, ovoid, the mouth at the distal 

 extremity, and furnished with scattered fili- 

 form tentacula. 



C lacustris, the only species. 



BiBL.- Allman, Ann. Nat. Hist. xiii. p. 

 330; Johnston, J5n7. Zoophytes, p. 44. 



COREMIUM, Link.— A genus of Muce- 

 dines (Hyphomycetous Fungi), perhaps not 

 really distinct from Penicillium, but differing 

 from the characteristic form of that genus in 

 having the erect fertile filaments compacted 



into a kind of cellular pedicle to bear the 



Fig. 142. 



Coremium niveum, Corda. 

 Magnified 200 diameters. 



strings of spores (fig. 142). Brit, species : 



C leucopus, Pers. Filaments white, 

 spores green. Not uncommon on decaying 

 fruits, &c. Floccaria glauca, Grev. Sc. Crypt. 

 Fl. t. 301. Penicillium crust aceu?n ^jFvies. 



C. candidum, Nees. Filaments and 

 spores white. On decaying substances. 

 Penicillium candidum /3, Fries. 



BiBL. Hook. Brit. Fl. v. pt. 2. 344; 

 Fries, Syst. My col. iii. 408 ; Greville, loc.cit.-, 

 Corda, Icones Fung. ii. pi. 11. fig. 73; Pracht- 

 flora, pi. 25. 



CORK. — Ordinarily the outer layer of 

 bark of the Cork Oak {Quercus Suber), for 

 the development of which, see Bark. Ho- 

 rizontal and transverse sections of the large 

 light-coloured cells of cork are shown in 

 PI. 38. figs. 16 & 17. The term cork is 

 applied generally to excessive developments 

 of the suberous layer of barks. 



CORN. — The general name applied to 

 the seeds, or rather the fruits of the various 

 plants furnishing the ordinary materials for 

 bread. These all belong to the Monocoty- 

 ledonous family, Graminacese (Grasses), for 

 Buck-wheats cannot be considered as true 

 corns. The grains of the Grasses are enve- 

 loped in the adherent pericarp, which is dry 

 and smooth ; the seed which this encloses is 

 characterized by the presence of a compara- 

 tively large mealy albumen, composed of 

 thin- walled parenchyma, more or less densely 



