CLADOSTEPHUS. 



[ H7 ] 



CLAVICEPS. 



with one or more septa, round, oval or long- 

 ish according to age, and finally becoming 

 detached from one another. 



1. CI. herharmn, Lk. Tufts effused, at 

 first green, then black; spores olive, ver}' 

 variable in habit. Everwhere common on 

 decaying substances. Corda, Ic. Fung. iii. 

 pi. 1. fig. 24; Fresenius, Beitr. zur Myk. 

 pi. 3. fig. 29; Dematium articulatu7n,Sov,evhY, 

 t. 400. fig. 8. 



2. CI. dendriticum, Walh*. On leaves of 

 pear-trees and hawthorn. C. pyrorum, Berk. 

 Gardii. Chronicle, 1848. 398. Helminthospo- 

 rium pyrorum, Desmaz. No. 1051. C. orbi- 

 cidatum, Desm. Ann, des Sc. nat. 3 ser. 

 p. 215. 



3. CI. depressum, Berk. & Br. On living 

 leaves of Angelica. Ann. Nat. Hist. 2 ser. 

 vii. 97. pi. 5. fig, 8. 



4. CI. hraclwrmium, Berk. & Br. On 

 leaves of Fumitory. Ibid. 



5. CI. lignicolum, Corda. On dead wood. 

 Corda, Icon. Fung. i. pi. 3. fig. 206. 



6. CI. nodulosum, Corda. On stems of 

 herbs. Corda, Icon. Fung. i. pi. 4. fig. 212. 



CLADOSTEPHUS, Ag.— A genus of Ec- 

 tocarpacae (Fucoid Algae), containing two 

 common British species, C. verticillatus and 

 C. spongiosus, which grow on rocks and 

 stones, and form olive tufts a few inches 

 high, composed of rigid nregularly branched 

 cellular axes, clothed by whorls of short, 

 mostly simple, articulated branches. Harvey 

 states that the summer branches contain 

 dark grains in their withered tips, and are 

 deciduous, being replaced in winter by others 

 which bear numerous lateral stalked spores. 

 It is probable these represent respectively 

 the frichosporangia and oosporangia found 

 inEctocarpus, and that the so-called * spores' 

 emit zoospores. See Ectocarpus. 



BiBL. Harvey, Br. Mar. Alg. pi. 9 A; 

 Fhyc. Brit. pi. 33 and 138. •p\a' 1S2 



CLADOTRICHUM, ^" 



Corda. — A genus of De- 

 matiei (Hyphomycetous 

 Fungi), forming dark floc- 

 culent points, or confluent 

 into powdery strata, on 

 dead stumps, &c. The 

 mycelium consists of rigid, 

 much - branched, septate 

 filaments, the upper joints 

 swollen; the spores in 

 chains together at the ends 

 of branches, and2-, 3-sep- 

 tate, constricted in the 



1. CI. triseptatum, Berk, and Broome. 

 Spores oblong, very obtuse, with three septa, 

 and constricted opposite the middle sep- 

 tum. Ann. Nat. Hist. ser. 2. vii. p. 98. pi. 5. 



middle. 



Cladotrichum polysporum. 

 Magn. 200 diam. 



o" 



On a dead stump. 



2. C. polysporum, Corda (fig. 132). Spores 

 2-septate. Corda, Icon. Fung. iv. pi. 6. 

 fig. 83; Prachtjiora Eur. Schimmelbild. 

 {Polythrincium, Fries, Summ. Veg.) 



CLAYARIA, Vaill.— A genus of Clavati 

 (Hymenomycetous Fungi), consisting of va- 

 riously branched fleshy fungi, growing mostly 

 on the ground, bearing their basidiosporous 

 fructification on the surface of the more or 

 less club-shaped branches. Some species 1" 

 high, others 1 foot. 



BiBL. Hooker, Br. Flora, vol. ii. part 2. 

 p. 173. 



CLAVATI. — A family of Hymenomyce- 

 tous Fungi, characterized by bearing basidio- 

 spores covering the tip and sides of branched 

 or simple club-shaped receptacles. See 

 Basidiospores, Hymenomycetes. 



CLAVICEPS, Tulasne. — A genus of 

 Sphaeriacei (?) (Ascomycetous Fungi), con- 

 taining the plants which produce the ergot 

 of rye and other grasses. These plants have 

 recently been extricated from great confusion 

 by Tulasne, who appears to have placed their 

 history on a satisfactory basis. 



The first sign of the attack upon the flower 

 of a grass is the appearance of the spJiacelia 

 upon the outside of the nascent pistil; it 

 then enters into the outer part of the sub- 

 stance of the wall of the ovary, growing with 

 this until it forms a funo;oid mass of the 

 same shape as an ovary, but obliterating the 

 ca\'ity of the latter. At this time it is soft, 

 white, grooved on the smface, and excavated 

 by nregular cavities, which are connected 

 with the external folds or grooves ; the sur- 

 faces of these are all covered with parallel 

 linear cells, like a hymenium, and from the 

 extremities of these arise elongated, ellipsoid 

 or oval cells, about 1-5000" in length. These 

 become detached, and when they are placed 

 in water, germinate and emit filaments. 

 These bodies are spermatia, stylospores, or 

 perhaps conidia ; they exhibit no motion in 

 water, although they resemble the spermatia 

 of some other fungi. At this time Tulasne 

 calls the structure a spermagonium. At a 

 certain epoch a viscid fluid exudes from the 

 sphacelia, flowing over it and carrying about 

 multitudes of the spermatia or stylospores i 

 but previously to this, a sohd body, of a vio- 

 let colour on the surface and white within, 

 has originated at the base of the spermago- 



l2 



