LICHINEiE. 



[ 393 ] 



LIGAMENTS. 



true apothecia and spermagonia. The apo- 

 thecia occui' at the ends of the branches of 

 the thallus ; in L. pygmcea the spermagonia 

 occur underneath the apothecia, in h. con- 

 finis at the apices of the branches and often 

 on the apothecia. The spores appear gene- 

 rally to adhere to the walls of the thecse 

 which break up. 



BiBL. Harvey, Brit. Alg. 1 ed, p. 22; 

 Hook. Brit. Fl. ii. pt. 1. p. 274; Tulasne, 

 Ann. des Sc. nat. ser. 2. p. 81 & 188. pi. 9 

 & 10; Greville, Alg. Brit. pi. 6. 



LICHINEJE. — A family of Augiocarpous 

 Lichens, of remarkable habit, the species of 

 which were formerly regarded in their perfect 

 and imperfect states as Algae. The branched 

 thallus is of gelatinous texture, very soft 

 when wet, cartilaginous when dry, growing 

 on wet rocks, Lichnia being marine. The 

 fructification consists of closed apothecia 

 and spermagonia formed in the substance 

 or at the ends of the branches. 



British Genera. 



I. LiCHiNA. Frond cartilaginous, smooth, 

 dichotomous, bearing the apothecia at the 

 ends of the branches. 



IT. Ephebe. Frond cartilaginous, hairy, 

 much branched, bearing the apothecia exca- 

 vated in the swollen branches (not terminal). 



LICMOPHORA, Ag.— A genus of Diato- 

 maceae. 



Char. Frustules in front view cuneate, 

 elongate, radiating in a fan-shaped manner 

 from a branched stipes; side view (valves) 

 convex, inflected at the larger end and fur- 

 nished with transverse striae (rows of dots). 

 Marine. 



L. radians, K. {L. fiahellata, S.) (PI. 14. 

 fig. 3). 



The species (one other British, Sm., five 

 in all, Kiitz.) are too doubtfully distinct to 

 deserve description. 



BiBL. Smith, Brit. Diat. i. 85; Kiitzing, 

 Bacill. 123, and Sp. Alg. 113. 



LIEBERKUHN. Introd., p. xviii. 



LIGAMENTS and Tendons.— With the 

 exception of the elastic ligaments which are 

 noticed under that head, the structure o*f 

 hgaments and tendons is essentially the 

 same. They consist of areolar tissue, with 

 a small quantity of elastic tissue. The fibres 

 or fibrillae of the areolar tissue are very 

 minute, longitudinal, parallel, closely con- 

 nected, and pursue a straight or undulatory 

 course. Their vmion into bundles is some- 

 times very indistinct, and only to be shown 



by drying transverse sections, and afterwards 

 treating them with alkalies. In other in- 

 stances the bundles are easily recognizable, 

 of a polygonal, rounded or elongated form 



Fig. 403. 



Magnified 20 diameters. 



Transverse section of a tendon of a calf : a, secondary, 

 b, tertiary bundles ; c, nuclear fibres, obliquely divided ; 

 d, interstitial areolar tissue. 



(fig. 403), and connected by loose interstitial 

 areolar tissue. 



The elastic tissue of tendons exists as 



Fig. 404. 



Magnified 60 diameters. 



Transverse section of the tendon of the tibialis posticus ; 

 human, a, secondary bundles ; 6, larger nuclear fibres ; 

 c, interstitial areolar tissue. 



slender, nuclear fibres, sometimes forming 



