BRACHYCLADIUM. 



[ 99 ] 



BROMELIACE.E, 



Brachycladiuni penicil- 

 latum. 



BiBL. Ehrenb. Infus.; Dujarclin, Inf.; 

 Gosse, Ann. Nat. Hist. 1851, viii. p. 202. 



BRACHYCLAD- 

 IUM, Corda. — A genus 

 of Mucedines (Hypho- 

 mycetous Fungi), form- 

 ing a delicate mould on 

 diy stems of herbaceous 

 plants. The filaments and 

 branches are formed of 

 squarish cells, swollen so 

 as to produce a monili- 

 form appearance, the 

 walls being thick and 

 coloured. 



B .penicillafum,CoYda, 

 is said to extend over 

 stems, sometimes in 

 tracts a foot long ; the 

 filaments and branches An erect filament with 



are blackish the spores ^^^^niie Wch^^^^^^^ 



white (fig. 81). 



BiBL. Corda, Icones Fung. 



BRACHYODUS, Furm-ohr.— A genus of 

 Leptotrichaceous Mosses, separated from 

 Gymnostoynum or Weissia of some authors. 



Br. trichodes, Y\xniY.= Weissia tricJiodes, 

 Hook, and Tavl. 



BRACHYSTELIUM, Reichb.— A genus 

 of Orthotrichaceous Mosses. 



1. Brachysteliiim polyphyllum, Hsch.= 

 Trichost. polyphyllus, Schwsegr. 



BRAIN. See Nerves. 



BRAN. See Corn-grains. 



BRANCHLE. — This term is synonymous 

 Mith gills. The latter term is, however, 

 usually applied to the aquatic respiratory 

 organs of fishes, whilst those of other animals 

 retain the name of branchiae. Their stiuc- 

 ture is described with that of the respective 

 classes in which they occur. See also Ephe- 

 mera and LlBELLULID^E. 



BRANCHIPUS, SchEeffer {Chirocepha- 

 lus). — A genus of Entomostraca, of the order 

 Phyllopoda, and family Branchiopoda. 



Char. Abdomen prolonged in the form of 

 a tail, composed of nine segments or joints, 

 the end joint with two well-developed plates 

 or lamellar appendages; superior antennae, 

 in both sexes, slender, filiform and many- 

 jointed ; inferior antenna? in the male large, 

 curved downwards, two-jointed, furnished 

 at the base with fan-shaped and digitiform 

 appendages; in the female, stout, short, 

 somewhat acute, slightly curved, and not 

 furnished with appendages at the base. 



B. stagnaUs (PI. 15. fig. 3). An inch in 

 length ; tmged with red. 



"rising" of bread 



Fig. 82. 



This beautiful animal is found in stagnant 

 water, as the ditches and deep cart-ruts on 

 the edges of woods and plantations. 



BiBL. Baird, Brit. Entom. 



BRAND. — A disease of Cereal Grasses 

 and other plants depending on Fungi. See 

 Blight. 



BREAD. — The interest of microscopic 

 examination of bread depends chiefly on the 

 impurities it may contain, or the peculiar 

 bodies developed in it during decay. The 

 former consist of spores of Uredines, &c., 

 pollen-grains and other vegetable bodies, and 

 particles of chemical substances. Notices of 

 the others will be found under MucoR, 

 Penicillium, Cryptococcus, Torula. 

 The fermentation or 

 depends on the yeast fungus. 



BRIAREA, Corda.— A 

 genus of ]Mucedines (Hy- 

 phomycetous Fungi), near- 

 ly related to Penicillium, 

 Aspergillus and Moni- 

 lia, distinguished from the 

 first and last bv the moni- 

 liform rows of spores 

 arising, directly, in a ter- 

 minal tuft, while the 

 erect fertile filament is 

 not expanded into a capi- 

 tulura to bear them as is 

 the case in Aspergillus. 

 Brit, species : — 



Briarea penicillata (fig. 

 82), {Monilia, Fries, Asper- 

 gillus, Greville). The erect 

 filaments are simple and 

 geniculate, the spores hyaline, forming long 

 nodding moniliform rows. It is of dark 

 gray colour, and is found on damp grass, 

 mouldy hay, straw, &c. 



BiBL. Corda, Icones Fung. v. 16, and in 

 Sturm, Deufschl. Flor. ii. pi. 6 ; Greville, 

 Sc. Crypt. Flora, t. 32 ; Berk, in HooJc. Br. 

 Fl. 345. 



BRINE-WORM. See Artemia. 



BRISTLE. See Hairs. 



BROMELIACE^.— A family of Mono- 

 cotyledons (Flowering Plants), of which the 

 Pine A})ple, Ananas or Ananassa, is the 

 most famihar example. This is interesting 

 microscopically from the scurfy character of 

 the epidermis of the leaves, "dependent on 

 pecuhar cellular scales. The cells of the 

 epidermis are of very elegant form (PL 38. 

 fig. 15), and the fibres of the leaf are manu- 

 factured into very fine muslin. See Scales, 

 Epidermis and Fibres. 



h2 



Briarea penicillata. 

 Magnified 200 dia- 

 meters. 



