CARYOPHYLL^US. 



[ 112 J 



CATHARINEA. 



Bone (p. 92). The only instance of cartilage 

 occurring in the Invertebrata, is found in the 

 Cephalopoda (Sepia). 



For an account of the minute anatomy of 

 cartilage in disease, we must refer to the 

 valuable papers of Dr. Redfern in the Edin- 

 burgh Monthly Journal for 1849, 1850, and 

 1851. See also Enchondroma. 



BiBL. Kolhker, Mikrosk. A^iat. bd. i. ; 

 Paget, Brit, and For. Med. Rev. 1842. xiv. ; 

 Henle, Allgemeine Anat, ; Redfern, Ed. 

 Monthly Journal, 1854 ; Mulder (and Bon- 

 ders), Versiwh einer Ally. Physiol. Che- 



CARYOPHYLL^US.— A genusof Ento- 

 zoa, of the order Sterelmintha, and family 

 Cestoidea. 



Char. Body depressed, continuous (not 

 jointed), expanded at one end, which is lobed 

 or laciniate. 



C. mutabilis. Y^ellowish white, expanded 

 end reddish. M. Blanchard regards the 

 expanded end as the head, whilst previous 

 authors consider this to be the tail. There 

 are no suckers, mouth nor intestine. The 

 vascular system is distinct, and can be in- 

 jected ; it consists of ten longitudinal, 

 slightly sinuous vessels. The ovaries form 

 longitudinal and transverse lines, extending 

 through almost the whole of the body. Its 

 size is said to vary from about the 1 -6 to 2 ". 

 It is found in the intestines of the carp, 

 bream, &c. 



BiBL. Dujardin, Hist. d. Helminthes ; 

 Blanchard, Ann. d. Sc. nat. 3 ser., Zool. x. 



CASEINE is the proteine constituent of 

 milk. It possesses no microscopic charac- 

 ters. 



Some years since a tumbler, containing 

 porter, at the bottom of which was a small 

 quantity of a whitish sediment, was brought 

 to us for examination; suspicion being enter- 

 tained that the white deposit consisted of 

 some poisonous substance which had been 

 added by a woman with a view of poisoning 

 her husband, the two not being on good 

 terms. The deposit examined microscopically 

 and micro-ehemically was found to consist 

 of an amorphous substance, giving the che- 

 mical reactions of a proteine compound, with 

 entangled globules of oil. This rendered it 

 probable that it consisted of the caseine of 

 milk, with globules of butter. It was after- 

 wards recollected that milk had been put 

 into a tumbler kept in the place from which 

 this had been taken; and thus the matter 

 ended. 



BiBL. See Chemistry. 



CASSAVA. — The coarser part of the 

 starch (tapioca being the finer) derived from 

 the tuberous root of the Jatropha Manihot, 

 L. (Janipha Manihot, Knth. ; Manihot uti- 

 lissima, Pohl.), a Brazilian plant of the family 

 Euphorbiacese. The starch grains are repre- 

 sented in PI. 36. fig, 14. 



CASSEBEERA, Kaulf.— A genus of As- 

 plenieae (Polypodaeous Ferns), nearly related 

 to Adiantum. Exotic. 



CATASCOPIUM, Brid.— A genus of Bar- 

 tramioidese (Acrocarpous Mosses). 



C. nigrita, Brid.= fFmsia wi^rnVcf, Hedw. 



CATENELLA, Grev.— A genus of Cryp- 

 toneraiacefe (Florideous Algae), represented 

 by one British species, C. Opuntia, which is 

 not uncommon on marine rocks near high- 

 water mark. It presents a mass of creepmg 

 fibres, from whence arise densely matted 

 fronds 1-2" to V high. Colour dull dark 

 purple. The favelUdia are contained in the 

 lateral capsular bodies (fig. 107) ; the tetra- 



Fig. 107. 



Fio;. 108. 



Catenella Opuntia. 



Fig. 107. Fragment of a frond, with lateral capsular 

 bodies containing the spores. Dlagnified 10 diameters. 



Fig. 108. Transverse section of the axis, showing the 

 immersed tetraspores. Magnified 200 diameters. 



spores are imbedded in the periphery of the 

 loosely cellular axis (fig. 108). 



BiBL. Greville, Alg. Brit. pi. 17; Harvey, 

 Br. Mar. Alg. pi. 20 B. ; Phyc. Brit. pi. 88 ; 

 Engl. Botany (Rivularia Opuntia), pi. 1868. 



CATHARINEA, Ehrh.— A genus of Poly- 

 trichaceous Mosses, containing some of the 

 Polytricha of some authors, having a naked 

 calyptra : 



Catharinea Callibryon, Ehrh. = Polytri- 

 chum undulatum, Hedw. 



C. hercynica, ^hYh.=Polytrichum hercy- 

 nicum, Hedw. 



