CINCHONINE. 



[ 145 ] 



CIRRIPEDIA. 



roptera, Latr., Westw.), and family Cimi- 

 cidae. 



Char. Antennae 4-jomted; labium ^- 

 jointed, the basal joint the longest ', thorax 

 sublunate, not transversely divided j abdo- 

 men much depressed, and more or less orbi- 

 cular; elytra reduced to a pah of short, 

 transverse, scale-like pieces; wings none; legs 

 moderately long and slender; tarsi 3-jointed. 



C. lectularius (the bed-bug). Ferruginous- 

 ochre ; thorax deeply emarginate, its sides 

 reflexed ; abdomen suborbiculate, acute at 

 the apex, third joint of antennae longer than 

 the fourth ; rostrum inflected beneath the 

 thorax ; labrum short, broad, subovate, tri- 

 gonate and ciliated. 



The common bug appears to have only 

 three setae, one stoviter than the rest, and 

 not toothed or serrated (PI. 26. fig. 27 a), and 

 two others extremely slender and very finely 

 serrated near the ends (PL 26. fig. 27 b) ; 

 they are about 1-20,000" in breadth at the 

 serrated portion (hence about the l-20th 

 part of the breadth of the lancets of the flea). 

 The female is larger and more elongated 

 than the male. The eggs (PL 31. fig. 20) 

 are white, elongate-oval, elegantly pitted, 

 and terminated by a lid, which breaks off" 

 when the young escape. The latter are very 

 small, white and transparent, and have a 

 much broader head, with shorter and thicker 

 antennae than the mature insect. They are 

 eleven weeks in attaining their full size. 



C. columbarius (Bug of the pigeon). Fer- 

 ruginous-ochre ; thorax deeply emarginate, 

 sides reflexed ; abdomen orbicular, subacute 

 at the apex ; third joint of antennae slightly 

 longer than the fourth; length about 1-5". 



C. hirundinis (Bug of the swallow). Fus- 

 co -ferruginous ; thorax slightly emarginate; 

 sides flat ; abdomen ovate, subacute at apex; 

 antennae short, third and fourth joints nearly 

 equal; length about 1-7". Fomid in swal- 

 lows' nests. 



C. pipistrelli (Bug of the bat). Ferrugi- 

 nous-ochre, shining ; thorax deeply emargi- 

 nate, sides slightly reflexed ; abdomen ovate, 

 posteriorly attenuate ; third joint of antennae 

 longer than the fourth; length 1-6". On 

 the common bat. 



BiBL. De Geer, ilim. iii.; Dumeril, Co??5. 

 gen. s. I. Ins.; Westwood, Introduction, Sf'c: 

 id. Brit. Cycl. Nat. Hist. i. 640; Jenvns, 

 Ann. Nat. Hist. iii. 1839. 241; Curtis, Brit. 

 Entom. xii. 569. 



CINCHONINE. See Alkaloids. Cin- 

 chonine is insoluble in aether. 



BiBL. See Chemistry. 



CINCLIDIUM, Swartz.— A genus of 

 Mniaceae (operculate Mosses arranged among 

 the Acrocarpi from prevailing habit), con- 

 taining two European species not yet re- 

 corded in Britain. 



CIRCULAR CRYSTALS.— This term 

 has been applied to the flattened groups of 

 radiating cr} stalline needles formed by many 

 salts and other crystalline substances. The 

 term is, however, objectionable, as tending 

 to obscm'e their true nature. They form 

 beautiful polarizing objects. Among the 

 most interesting may be mentioned, boracic 

 acid, oxalurate of ammonia, salicine, and 

 sulphate of cadmium. They are fmlher no- 

 ticed under their respective heads. Some 

 of them are figured in PL 31. figs. 9-12. 



See Ammonia, Oxalurate of, and 

 Polarization. 



BiBL. Brewster, Treatise on Optics, 1853. 

 p. 269. 



CIRCULATION in Animals. — The 

 movement in a temporarily or permanently 

 definite to-and-fro direction, of the nutritive 

 liquids of animals. We can only enumerate 

 here the articles in which will be foimd a 

 notice of the circulation, whether true or 

 spurious, as occurring in the most easily ac- 

 cessible or interesting organisms ; suffice it 

 to say, that chculation is produced either by 

 the agency of muscular or other contractile 

 tissue, or by the action of cilia. Asel- 

 Lus, Arachnida, Entomostraca, In- 

 fusoria, Insects (Coccinella, Ephe- 

 mera, LarVuE, Libellulid^), Rana, 

 Triton. 



CIRCULATION in Plants. See Ro- 

 tation and Latex. 



CIRRIPEDIA or CIRRHOPODA.— 

 An order of Crustacea. The barnacles or 

 acorn-shells. 



Char. Marine animals, in the adult state 

 attached to other bodies ; enclosed in a mul- 

 tivalved shell or in a coriaceous involucre 

 furnished with calcareous points, the rudi- 

 ments of a shell; eves none in the adult 

 state ; six pairs of feet, each with a short 

 fleshy peduncle, and two many-jointed horny 

 cirrhi ; mouth furnished vnth membranoso- 

 corneous mandibles and maxillae ; tail terete, 

 acuminate, reflexed between the legs ; body 

 not divided into segments, although there 

 are indications of them in the form of trans- 

 verse fm-rows on the dorsal surface. The 

 six pairs of arms or feet which are situated 

 on the ventral surface have each, supported 

 on a short peduncle, t^vo long thin incurved 

 filaments, consisting of numerous joints, and 



